本文選題：東漢 + 人口��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2003年博士論文

【摘要】： 本文對東漢的人口問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。內(nèi)容涉及東漢人口數(shù)量的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、東漢人口分布、東漢人口遷移、東漢人口的統(tǒng)計(jì)與管理、東漢人口政策、東漢人口姓氏分布、東漢民族人口、東漢生態(tài)環(huán)境與人口等八個(gè)方面。 通過深入研究，本文得出了一些新的結(jié)論。第一，《續(xù)漢書·郡國志》及注中有關(guān)東漢人口總數(shù)的記載基本是可信的。以前造成大家認(rèn)為東漢戶口不可靠的原因，有的是史書傳抄中的錯(cuò)誤造成的，有的是后世學(xué)者的誤解造成的，有的是后人不了解當(dāng)時(shí)的實(shí)際情況造成的，有的則可能是當(dāng)時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)有誤造成的。東漢人口的發(fā)展可分為四個(gè)階段，即兩漢之際人口的銳減階段；東漢前期人口的恢復(fù)和增長階段；東漢中期人口的停滯與波動(dòng)階段；東漢后期的人口銳減階段。東漢人口數(shù)量的發(fā)展變化受羌人大起義等社會(huì)因素影響，呈現(xiàn)出不穩(wěn)定性的特點(diǎn)。 第二，《續(xù)漢書·郡國志》一些郡國的戶口記載有誤，需要訂正。東漢時(shí)期全國人口最多的省份依次是河南、山東、河北、四川、安徽、湖南、云南、江蘇、湖北、江西等省。東漢人口分布的重心仍在黃河流域，但長江流域的人口迅速增長，長江流域人口的比重卻不斷提高。 第三，東漢人口的遷移在不同的時(shí)期呈現(xiàn)出不同的特征，但大規(guī)模的人口遷移主要發(fā)生在兩漢之際和東漢末年，是由戰(zhàn)亂因素引起的。大規(guī)模人口遷移的流向主要是從黃河流域遷徙到長江流域。 第四，劉秀“度田”是成功了，而不是失敗了。東漢時(shí)期的戶口統(tǒng)計(jì)制度是得到認(rèn)真執(zhí)行了的，那種認(rèn)為東漢戶口統(tǒng)計(jì)不可靠、東漢社會(huì)存在著大量隱漏人口的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的、沒有根據(jù)的；依附農(nóng)民、賓客的戶籍仍被國家掌握，國家并不承認(rèn)豪強(qiáng)地主對依附民的占有關(guān)系；五屬外的宗室著籍於當(dāng)?shù)�，已�?jīng)是國家的編戶齊民了；王侯的子孫多著籍於封地；東漢官吏并沒有特殊的戶籍，東漢官吏不管在何處做官，戶籍基本沒有變動(dòng)，仍在原籍。 第五，東漢時(shí)期實(shí)行鼓勵(lì)生育的人口增殖政策、尊奉高年的養(yǎng)老政策、以及對宗室、三老、孝、悌、力田、鰥寡孤獨(dú)等特殊人群優(yōu)恤的人口政策。這些人口政策體現(xiàn)了對不同人群的關(guān)懷與優(yōu)撫。 第六，東漢人口姓氏的分布呈現(xiàn)出不同的地域特征，而且越是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的地 區(qū)，人口姓氏分布數(shù)量就多。東漢時(shí)期，各地都有一些勢力不等的大姓豪族分布。 第七，東漢時(shí)期少數(shù)民族人口的數(shù)量和分布，都有各自的特點(diǎn)。東漢中后期， 匈奴族的人口約有70萬左右，東漢時(shí)期匈奴族不斷南移;東漢時(shí)期西羌的人口 約有100萬左右，東羌人口約有30萬，東漢時(shí)期羌族主要分布在西北諸郡，但 有不斷東移的趨向;氏族主要分布在武都郡，人口約有30萬;東漢時(shí)西域各族 人口的數(shù)量變化比較大;東漢后期烏桓人口約有20多萬，鮮卑人口約有80萬， 夫余人口約有30多萬，艷婁人口約有10萬，高句麗人口約有巧萬等。 第八，東漢時(shí)期各地不同的氣候、水利等自然生態(tài)條件，對人口的分布有較 大影響。東漢時(shí)期，，氣候由西漢的暖濕變?yōu)楦衫�，與此相對應(yīng)，東漢時(shí)期江南地 區(qū)出現(xiàn)了中原人南下的移民浪潮，而且出現(xiàn)了北方游牧民族南遷的情況;東漢時(shí) 期，凡是水利便利、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)，也同時(shí)是人口數(shù)量較多、人口密度較高的 地區(qū)，如南陽郡、汝南郡就是如此;東漢時(shí)期黃河的治理，也影響了黃河中下游 地區(qū)的人口分布;各地不同的生態(tài)環(huán)境對人們的習(xí)俗、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式產(chǎn)生 了不同影響。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a systematic study on the population problem of the Eastern Han Dynasty, including the development of the population in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the population distribution in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the migration of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the statistics and management of the Eastern Han population, the population policy of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the distribution of the family name of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ethnic population of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the environment and population of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Through in-depth study, this paper draws some new conclusions. First, the records of the total population of the Eastern Han Dynasty are basically credible. The reasons for the unreliable accounts of the Eastern Han Dynasty, some of which were caused by the misunderstandings of the history books, some of the later scholars' misunderstandings, and some of the later generations. To understand the actual situation at that time, some may be caused by the mistake of statistics at that time. The development of the Eastern Han population can be divided into four stages, that is, the sharp decline stage of the population at the time of the Han Dynasty, the recovery and growth stage of the population in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the stagnation and fluctuation stage of the population in the Middle Eastern Han Dynasty, the sharp decline stage of the population in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The development and change of the number of mouth is affected by social factors such as the Qiang people's Congress uprising and so on.
Second, the accounts of the continued Han books and counties are mistaken and need to be corrected. The provinces with the largest population in the Eastern Han Dynasty are Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Sichuan, Anhui, Hunan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Jiangxi. The center of population distribution in the East Han Dynasty is still in the the Yellow River River Basin, but the population of the Yangtze River Basin is growing rapidly, the people of the Yangtze River Basin are growing rapidly, people of the Changjiang River Basin The proportion of the mouth is increasing.
Third, the migration of the Eastern Han population showed different characteristics in different periods, but the large-scale migration of population mainly occurred at the time of the Han Dynasty and the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was caused by the factors of war. The flow of large population migration mainly migrated from the the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River Basin.
Fourth, Liu Xiu's "Du Tian" was a success, not a failure. The household census system in the Eastern Han Dynasty was seriously carried out. The view that the Eastern Han Dynasty registered permanent residence statistics is not reliable, the Eastern Han Dynasty society has a large number of hidden missing people's view is wrong, no basis; attached to the farmers, guests' household registration is still mastered by the state, the state does not bear. Recognizing the possessive relationship between the powerful landlords and the dependent people; the five generals are native to the local, and are already the family members of the state; the descendants of the princes are mostly in the seal; the Eastern Han officials have no special household registration, the Eastern Han officials no matter where they do the official, the household registration is basically unchanged, still in their native place.
Fifth, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the policy of encouraging the reproduction of the population in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the high year pension policy, and the population policy of the special crowds of special groups such as the clan, the three old, the filial piety, the titi, the widower and the widowhood and the lonely and so on. These population policies reflect the care and the preferential treatment to the different groups of people.
Sixth, the distribution of surnames in the Eastern Han Dynasty shows different regional characteristics, and the more developed areas are.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a distribution of powerful families with different powers.
Seventh, the quantity and distribution of ethnic minorities in Eastern Han Dynasty have their own characteristics. In the late East Hanzhoung,
The population of the Xiongnu nationality is about 700 thousand, and the Hun people moved south in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
About 1 million, the eastern Qiang population is about 300 thousand. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Qiang people were mainly distributed in the northwest counties.
There is a trend of eastward migration; the clans are mainly distributed in Wudu County, with a population of about 300 thousand; in the Eastern Han Dynasty, all ethnic groups in the western region were in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The population change is relatively large. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the population of Wuhuan is about about 200000, and the population of Xianbei is about 800 thousand.
The population of Fu Yu is about about 300000, the population of Yan Lou is about 100 thousand, and the population of KOH is about 10 million.
Eighth, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the distribution of population in different climate, water conservancy and other natural ecological conditions was more obvious.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the climate changed from warm and humid to dry and cold in the Western Han Dynasty, which corresponded to that in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
There was a wave of migration from the Central Plains to the south, and the southern nomadic people moved southward.
At the same time, all areas with convenient agriculture and developed agriculture are also large population and high population density.
The area is like Nanyang county and Ru'nan county. The governance of the Yellow River in the Eastern Han Dynasty also affected the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
The distribution of population in different regions; the different ecological environment in different places produces people's customs, modes of production and lifestyles.
Different effects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：K234.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：1980041