本文選題：先秦齊國 + 國家管理　； 參考：《東北財經(jīng)大學》2010年博士論文

【摘要】：先秦齊國始建于西周初期,當時姜太公以首功被封于齊地營丘(即山東臨淄境內(nèi))建立了齊國,公元前221年,齊為秦滅。齊國經(jīng)過了西周、春秋、戰(zhàn)國,歷時約800年。在先秦兩周時期是建國最早,滅國最晚,存在時間最為悠久的一個諸侯國。 西周至戰(zhàn)國在中國歷史長河中是占有非常重要地位的歷史段落。尤其是春秋、戰(zhàn)國,是一個大動蕩、大變革的時期,完成了真正意義上的整個社會的大轉(zhuǎn)型,即由西周的封邦建國轉(zhuǎn)移到秦漢以降的皇帝專制的中央集權(quán)的封建社會。 齊國不但成功地完成了自己的轉(zhuǎn)型,而且由最初的方百里之地的小國,變?yōu)榉蕉Ю镏氐拇髧�；由地瀉鹵、少五谷、人民寡的窮國和弱國,變?yōu)楣趲б侣奶煜�、國富兵強的富國和強國。春秋時期,齊國創(chuàng)立了首霸中原的不朽功業(yè)；戰(zhàn)國時期,齊國堪稱七雄之冠,曾經(jīng)建立了王業(yè)和帝業(yè)。當時東齊、西秦與南楚三足鼎立,齊國最有希望統(tǒng)一中國,然而卻終為秦滅。 齊國的興盛與衰敗無不包涵著豐富的國家管理的成功經(jīng)驗和慘痛教訓(xùn)。無論是成功經(jīng)驗,還是慘痛教訓(xùn)都值得今人研究和總結(jié)�；诖�,本論文試圖通過對先秦齊國的國家管理思想與實踐進行全面而系統(tǒng)的研究,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)代國家管理的理論與方法,力爭將二者耦合,以求對我國當代國家管理有所裨益。 本論文借鑒我國古代及當代史學、文化學、管理學理論的合理成分,運用唯物辯證法、歷史辯證法、考據(jù)法、個案分析法、系統(tǒng)分析法、結(jié)構(gòu)功能分析法、綜合歸納法、比較法、多重證法等,對文獻資料、考古資料,尤其新發(fā)現(xiàn)的資料,進行多維思考,科學判斷,對先秦齊國的國家管理思想與實踐進行了創(chuàng)新性的探討。 本論文從內(nèi)容上看,分為“先秦齊國的國家管理理念與特征研究”、“先秦齊國的政治管理思想與實踐研究”、“先秦齊國的經(jīng)濟管理思想與實踐研究”、“先秦齊國的軍事管理思想與實踐研究”、“先秦齊國的法律管理思想與實踐研究”、“先秦齊國的外交管理思想與實踐研究”、“先秦齊國的社會管理思想與實踐研究”、“先秦齊國的國家管理思想與實踐的歷史地位與當代影響”等八個部分。 第一部分“先秦齊國的國家管理理念與特征研究”,主要講了先秦齊國的國家管理體制的六個特點：其一,重視農(nóng)業(yè)和工商業(yè)；其二,政治上以民為本；第三,選賢任能與人盡其才；其四,禮法并重；其五,注重教化成俗；其六,重視和諧社會建設(shè)。 第二部分“先秦齊國的政治管理思想與實踐研究”,主要講了西周、春秋、戰(zhàn)國三個時期先秦齊國的政治管理思想與實踐。其中,在西周時期,主要論述了姜太公在政治上的建國方針和當時的政體；在春秋時期,則主要論述了齊桓公、管仲為稱霸中原而進行的政治管理方面的改革與實踐及晏嬰為復(fù)霸中原而進行的政治管理方面的改革與實踐；在戰(zhàn)國時期,則主要論述了稷下諸子百家對政治管理思想的闡述及齊國為適應(yīng)兼并統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)爭的新形勢而建立的新的政治體制。 第三部分“先秦齊國的經(jīng)濟管理思想與實踐研究”,主要講了西周、春秋、戰(zhàn)國時期先秦齊國的土地制度、經(jīng)濟制度及經(jīng)濟發(fā)展盛況。齊國由初封時的窮國變?yōu)楹髞砣巳讼蛲母粐?與它因地制宜地進行了土地制度、經(jīng)濟制度的改革密不可分。 第四部分“先秦齊國的軍事管理思想與實踐研究”,主要論述了齊國為了適應(yīng)在西周時期配合周王朝征伐周圍的小諸侯國、在春秋時期稱霸中原、在戰(zhàn)國時期順利完成統(tǒng)一天下的新形勢而出現(xiàn)的軍事管理思想及其實踐。其中既有中國智謀之祖姜太公的軍事管理思想與實踐,又有對現(xiàn)代社會具有一定影響的《孫子兵法》,還有當時威名赫赫的管仲、司馬穰苴、孫武、孫臏、田單等軍事家的軍事管理思想與實踐。 第五部分“先秦齊國的法律管理思想與實踐研究”,主要論述了西周、春秋、戰(zhàn)國三個時代的代表人物及著作中包含的法律管理思想與實踐,如姜太公、管仲、晏嬰、齊威王及《管子》等等的法律思想與法治實踐活動。 第六部分“先秦齊國的外交管理思想與實踐研究”,主要論述了齊國在西周、春秋、戰(zhàn)國時期的主要外交目的、管理原則及外交實踐等內(nèi)容。 第七部分“先秦齊國的社會管理思想與實踐研究”,主要論述了齊國的文教衛(wèi)體事業(yè)管理思想及實踐及民政管理與實踐。 第八部分“先秦齊國的國家管理思想與實踐的歷史地位與當代影響”則論述了齊國的國家管理思想及實踐的歷史地位,對當時及后世的影響,以及對當代社會的國家管理尤其是建設(shè)和諧社會的啟示價值。 由于先秦齊國的國家管理思想與實踐的研究比較薄弱,目前尚未見到從國家管理視角切入的全面、系統(tǒng)、深入研究先秦齊國的國家管理思想與實踐的學術(shù)專著,從這個角度講,本論文基本上屬于原創(chuàng)性研究。主要創(chuàng)新點有以下五個方面： 其一,“蓋天下”的先秦齊國的國家管理思想與實踐的管理目標論。春秋戰(zhàn)國是各諸侯國紛起爭霸稱雄的時代,在這種社會背景下,先秦齊國的政治家與思想家們?yōu)檫m應(yīng)社會和時代發(fā)展的需要,制訂了創(chuàng)立霸業(yè)與王業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略,確立了“蒞天下、朝諸侯而撫四夷”的高遠管理目標。 其二,“和諧”的管理價值思想。人們往往看到管理者與被管理者對立的一面,對立常常帶來對抗；而先秦齊國的政治家與思想家們則看重管理者與被管理者統(tǒng)一的一面,統(tǒng)一必然導(dǎo)致和諧。而追求個人內(nèi)心的和諧,人與人之間關(guān)系的和諧,人與自然的和諧正是先秦齊國的政治家與思想家們的最高價值追求。 其三,“以人為本”的管理倫理思想。先秦齊國的政治家與思想家們認為,管理的對象是人,而人是國家的根本和社會的基石。齊國統(tǒng)治者的“愛民”、“利民”、“惠民”、“富民”、“教民”等以人為本思想,在當時乃至后世都產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。 其四,禮法并用、陰陽協(xié)調(diào)的管理控制思想。先秦時期的政治家與思想家們對治國平天下都貢獻出了自己的智慧,儒家主張禮制,法家主張法治,道家主張無為而治。他們的學說都有各自的道理,但都有其局限性。先秦齊國的政治家與思想家們兼采眾家之長,綜合為一體,形成了獨特的禮法并重,援道入法,陰陽協(xié)調(diào)的管理控制思想。 其五,“與時變,與俗化”的權(quán)變管理思想。社會是復(fù)雜的,而且永遠處于不斷變化的過程之中。對此,先秦齊國的政治家與思想家們主張：“不慕古,不留今,與時變,與俗化�！边@就形成了有特色的權(quán)變國家管理思想。
[Abstract]:Before the early Qin Dynasty, Qi was founded in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, when Jiang Tai Gong was established in Qi Di Ying Qiu (the territory of Linzi, Shandong) to establish the Qi state. 221 BC was Qin extinguished. Qi Guo passed the Western Zhou, spring and autumn, the Warring States period for about 800 years. In the period of the pre Qin and two weeks, the founding of the founding of the nation was the earliest, the most late time and the longest time in the state.
In the spring and Autumn period, the Warring States period, in the spring and Autumn period, was a period of great turmoil and great change, which completed the great transformation of the whole society in the real sense, that is, the feudal society of the emperor's autocratic centralism in the Qin and Han Dynasties, which was transferred from the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qin and Han Dynasties.
Qi not only successfully completed its own transformation, but also changed from a small country in the original square of a hundred miles to a big country in the two thousand mile area; from the land to the halogen, the few Valley, the poor and weak country of the people, the rich country and power of the rich and strong nation, the rich and powerful country of the country. In the spring and Autumn period, Qi founded the immortal work of the Central Plains in the Warring States period. During the period, Qi was called the crown of the seven males and once established the king's industry and the imperial industry. At that time, the East Qi, the West Qin and the South Chu had a tripartite balance, and the Qi State had the most hope of unifying China, but it ended in the Qin Dynasty.
The prosperity and decline of Qi are all inclusive of the successful experience and painful lessons of national management. Both successful experience and painful lessons are worth studying and summarizing. Based on this, this thesis tries to make a comprehensive and systematic study of the state management thought and practice of the Qi State in the pre Qin period and to combine modern state management. Theory and method, strive to combine the two, in order to benefit our country's contemporary state management.
This paper uses the rational components of Chinese ancient and contemporary history, culture and management theory, and uses materialist dialectics, historical dialectics, textual research, case analysis, systematic analysis, structural function analysis, comprehensive induction, comparative method, multiple evidence, and so on. This paper makes an innovative discussion on the state management thoughts and practice of Qi State in the pre Qin period.
From the content of the thesis, this paper is divided into "the study of the concept and characteristics of the state management in the pre Qin Qi State", "the study of the thought and practice of the political management in the pre Qin Qi State", "the study of the thought and practice of economic management in the pre Qin Qi State", the "study on the thought and practice of military management in the pre Qin Qi State", "the thought and practice of the legal management of Qi State in the pre-Qin period." "Study on the thought and practice of the pre Qin Qi State's diplomatic management", "the study of the thought and practice of social management in the pre Qin Qi State", "the historical status of the state management thought and practice in the pre Qin period and the contemporary influence", and so on, eight parts.
The first part, "the study of the state management concept and characteristics of Qi State in the pre Qin period", mainly talks about the six characteristics of the state management system of Qi State in the pre Qin period: first, paying attention to agriculture and industry and commerce; secondly, taking the people as the base in politics; third, selecting the virtuous and appointing ability and the full talent; fourthly, the etiquette and the law are equal; and fifth, pay attention to the civilized and popular; and its six, attaching importance and The building of a harmonious society.
The second part, "the ideological and practical research on the political management of Qi State in the pre Qin period", mainly talked about the political management thought and practice of Qi State in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period before Qin Dynasty. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the principle of the political founding of the emperor and the political body at that time were mainly discussed. In the spring and Autumn period, the main exposition of the Qi Huan Gong and Guan Zhong The reform and practice of political management for the hegemony of the Central Plains and the reform and practice of Yan Ying's political management for the restoration of Central Plains in the Warring States period were mainly discussed in the period of the Warring States period, and the new political system established by Qi to adapt to the new situation of the merger and unification of the war.
The third part, "the economic management thought and practice study of the pre Qin Qi State", mainly talked about the land system, economic system and economic development in the pre Qin period of the Warring States period in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Can be divided.
The fourth part, "the study of the thought and practice of military management in Qi state before the Qin Dynasty", mainly discussed the military management thought and its practice in order to adapt to the new situation in the spring and Autumn Period in the spring and Autumn Period in order to adapt to the small princes of the Zhou Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and to complete the new situation of the United Kingdom in the Warring States period. The military management thought and practice of Jiang Tai Gong, the ancestor of the wisdom of wisdom, also had a certain influence on modern society, the art of war of Sun Tzu, and the thought and practice of the military management of the military family, such as Guan Zhong, Sun Wu, Sun Bin, Tian Shan, and so on.
The fifth part, "the study of the thought and practice of the legal management of Qi State in the pre Qin period", mainly discussed the legal management thought and practice contained in the three times of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, such as the legal thought and practice of the rule of law, such as Jiang Tai Gong, Guan Zhong, Yan baby, king Qi and Guan Zi and so on.
The sixth part, "the study of the thought and practice of the diplomatic management of Qi State in the pre Qin period", mainly discussed the main diplomatic purposes, the management principles and the diplomatic practice of the Qi state during the Western Zhou Dynasty, the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period.
The seventh part, "the study of the thought and practice of the social management of Qi State in the pre Qin period", mainly discussed the thought and practice of the management and practice of the civil and educational undertakings in Qi, and the administration and practice of the civil administration.
The eighth part, the historical status and contemporary influence of the state management thought and practice of Qi State in the pre Qin period, expounds the historical status of the state management thought and practice in Qi State, the influence on the time and later generations, and the enlightening value of the state management in the contemporary society, especially the construction of a harmonious society.
Since the study of the state management thought and practice of the pre Qin Dynasty is relatively weak, it has not yet seen the comprehensive, systematic and in-depth study of the thought and practice of the state management thought and practice of Qi State in pre Qin Dynasty. From this point of view, this thesis is basically the original research. The main innovation points are the following five aspects:
First, the state management thought and the management goal theory of the state management thought and practice in the pre Qin period of the Qin Dynasty. The spring and Autumn period and the Warring States were the times of hegemony and hegemony in various kingdoms. In this social background, the statesmen and thinkers of the Qi state of the pre Qin period formulated the strategy of founding the hegemony and the king in order to meet the needs of the society and the development of the times. "Come to the world, to the princes and help the four foreigners".
Second, the thought of "harmonious" management value. People often see the opposite side of the manager and the manager, and the antagonism often brings confrontation. While the statesmen and thinkers in the pre Qin Dynasty value the unity side of the manager and the manager, and the unity inevitably leads to harmony. Harmony, harmony between man and nature is the highest value pursuit of politicians and thinkers in Qi state before Qin Dynasty.
Third, the "people-oriented" management ethics thought. The statesmen and thinkers in the pre Qin Dynasty thought that the object of management was man, and that man was the foundation of the nation and the foundation of society. The people of the Qi of the Qi State, "people", "benefit people", "Huimin", "rich people", "teach people" and other people thought, produced one in the time and even later generations. Definite influence.
Fourth, the law of etiquette and the use of the harmonious management and control of yin and Yang. The statesmen and thinkers of the pre Qin period contributed their own wisdom to Zhi Guoping, the Confucianists advocated the etiquette system, the Legalists advocated the rule of law, the Taoists advocated the rule of law. All their doctrines had their own principles, but they all had their limitations. The statesmen and ideas of the Qi Dynasty in the pre Qin Period The family took the lead of all the family members and integrated into one, forming a unique management and control thought that is equal to etiquette and law.
The fifth, "with the time change, and the vulgarization" of the contingency management thought. The society is complex and always in the process of constant change. In this regard, the statesmen and thinkers of the pre Qin Qi State advocated that "do not admire the ancient, do not leave the present, the time change, and the vulgarization." this has formed a special power change state management thought.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K225

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