本文選題：宋代 + 工部�。� 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：宋神宗元豐改制前，工部為閑置機(jī)構(gòu)，僅設(shè)判工部事一人，但判工部事不常設(shè)。工部所轄四司亦僅設(shè)判司事，熙寧年間（1068—1077）開(kāi)始由判都省一人兼領(lǐng)。工部長(zhǎng)貳、四司郎官皆成了階官，帶工部官銜而擔(dān)任其他差遣，其中既有帶工部長(zhǎng)貳官銜任宰執(zhí)者，亦有任地方官者，同時(shí)還存在帶工部官銜而無(wú)差遣的現(xiàn)象。元豐五年（1082）五月之后，工部職能恢復(fù)，四司職能亦隨之復(fù)活，工部官員方始除授，《宋史》對(duì)元豐改制后工部官員除授的記載與實(shí)際除授情況差異較大。在工部官員除授上，工部尚書(shū)在宋哲宗登基后方予以除授，后來(lái)亦常有闕而不除的情況。當(dāng)工部尚書(shū)缺位時(shí)，工部侍郎便成為工部事實(shí)上的長(zhǎng)官，掌工部之事。對(duì)于工部四司而言，元豐改制初，僅頭司工部司同時(shí)設(shè)郎中、員外郎，而屯田、虞部、水部三子司或設(shè)郎中、或設(shè)員外郎，不備置。元yP年間（1086—1094），在省并、精簡(jiǎn)政府機(jī)構(gòu)的大背景下，屯田司兼并水部司，屯田司、虞部司轉(zhuǎn)隸于戶(hù)部，工部職掌大為縮減；在宋徽宗朝，屯田、虞部二司又歸于工部。南宋建立后，政府機(jī)構(gòu)整體趨簡(jiǎn)，工部四司一度僅剩工部司，將作、都水、少府諸監(jiān)先后并歸工部。即便如此，工部依然為一清閑的機(jī)構(gòu)，這在工部官吏數(shù)量、宋人諺語(yǔ)等方面都有體現(xiàn)。工部官員常兼其他職務(wù)，如工部長(zhǎng)貳兼參知政事、樞密使、同知樞密院事、臨安知府，以至南宋末年兼任地方上的制置使等。從部門(mén)官署來(lái)看，在唐代，工部居于皇城之內(nèi)，而到了宋代，工部隨尚書(shū)省遷于皇城之外，后雖有辦公官署，但也是與其他機(jī)構(gòu)共處一廳；元豐改制后，隨著新尚書(shū)省的興建，工部有了獨(dú)立辦公官署，房間數(shù)量大為增加，這是工部職能恢復(fù)、事務(wù)增多后在官署上的表現(xiàn)。有唐以來(lái)，六部排列次序多次發(fā)生變化，但工部卻總居于六部之尾，從官署布局的左、右行來(lái)看，工部屬于右行；從前、中、后行來(lái)看，工部屬于后行，這種情況自唐以來(lái)沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)變化。從工部長(zhǎng)貳的遷轉(zhuǎn)情況來(lái)看，元豐改制前，遷入工部尚書(shū)者主要是尚書(shū)左、右丞和兵部侍郎；從工部尚書(shū)遷出后主要為刑部尚書(shū)；遷入工部侍郎者主要是給事中和諫議大夫；從工部侍郎遷出后主要為刑部侍郎和兵部侍郎，這種實(shí)際遷轉(zhuǎn)情況和《宋史·敘遷之制》所載有較大的差異。在宋代，工部與將作、都水、軍器、少府諸監(jiān)雖然長(zhǎng)期并設(shè)，但它們并非平行機(jī)構(gòu)，工部地位要遠(yuǎn)高于諸監(jiān)。元豐改制前，諸監(jiān)已經(jīng)恢復(fù)職能，但因工部在當(dāng)時(shí)為閑置機(jī)構(gòu)，所以它們之間并無(wú)太多關(guān)涉；元豐改制后，隨著工部職能的恢復(fù)，，它們之間的關(guān)系體現(xiàn)為一種隸屬關(guān)系。但這種隸屬關(guān)系又非一對(duì)一、多對(duì)一的上下級(jí)統(tǒng)轄關(guān)系，將作、都水諸監(jiān)與工部交往較多，故顯得與工部關(guān)系較為緊密。元yP年間戶(hù)部官員提出加強(qiáng)財(cái)權(quán)控制，將作、都水諸監(jiān)受戶(hù)部的影響更大，而工部只是對(duì)諸監(jiān)營(yíng)造事務(wù)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督、檢查。南宋時(shí)，將作、都水諸監(jiān)相繼并入工部，此并入與隸屬意思不同，并入即將作監(jiān)、都水監(jiān)諸監(jiān)機(jī)構(gòu)取消，職能完全歸于工部。不過(guò)將作監(jiān)、都水監(jiān)、軍器監(jiān)并入工部為時(shí)不久，即從工部分離出去，它們之間的關(guān)系又恢復(fù)到元豐改制后的狀態(tài)。工部受到三個(gè)層面的監(jiān)督，其一是工部長(zhǎng)官對(duì)工部官員的監(jiān)督，其二是工察的監(jiān)察，其三是尚書(shū)右司的監(jiān)察。尚書(shū)右司、工察對(duì)工部的監(jiān)察主要是對(duì)工部與其他部門(mén)來(lái)往公文的監(jiān)察，而工部長(zhǎng)官則是對(duì)工部各種事務(wù)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:Before the reform of the song Shen Song Yuan Feng, the Ministry of work was an idle institution, only to judge the Ministry of work, but to judge the Ministry of work, but the Ministry of work was not established. The four divisions of the Ministry of labor had only a judge, and the Ministry of labour (1068 - 1077) began to judge the Ministry of labor. After five years (1082) Yuan Feng's five year (1082) May, the function of the Ministry of work was restored, and the functions of the four divisions were resurrected. The Ministry of labour was taught in the rear of the song zzong, and then there was no exception. When the Ministry of work was absent, the Ministry of work became the factual officer of the Ministry of work and the affairs of the Ministry of labor. For the four division of the Ministry of labor, the first division of the Ministry of work was the first Department of the Ministry of work, Si Tong, a Langzhong, a post Lang, and a three subdivision of the village, the Yu and the water department. Or set up a Lang, or set up a post Lang, not to set up. Yuan yP years (1086 - 1094), in the province and to streamline the large background of government institutions, Da Ji merger water department, Da Ji, Yu Department to the Department of household, the Ministry of work is greatly reduced; in the Song Hui Tsung Dynasty, Tun Tian, the Yu Department two divisions returned to the Ministry of labor. After the Southern Song was established, the government institutions to simplify, the Ministry of work four divisions. At one time only the Department of the Ministry of work will be left to work, all water, and the Ministry of the young mansion is returned to the Ministry of work. Even so, the Ministry of labor is still a leisure organization, which is reflected in the number of officials in the Ministry of work and the proverbs of the song man. The office of the Ministry of work often concurrently holds other posts, such as the Minister of work and the knowledge of political affairs, the pivot of the pivot, the knowledge of the Privy Council in Ling'an, and the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the Ministry of work was in the imperial city of the Tang Dynasty, and in the Song Dynasty, the Ministry of work moved out of the imperial city with the Ministry of office, but after the restructuring of the new Shang Shu Province, the Ministry of work had an independent office office, and the number of rooms increased greatly. This is the functional recovery of the Ministry of labor and the performance in the official department after the increase of the affairs. Since Tang, the six orders have changed many times, but the Ministry of labor is always at the end of six. From the left and right lines of the official department, the Ministry of work belongs to the right line; in the past, in the past, the Ministry of work is in the rear, and this situation has not changed since the Tang Dynasty. In the case of the relocation of the minister II, before the reform of the Yuan Feng, the people who moved into the Ministry of the Ministry of work were mainly Shang Shu left, right prime minister and the Department of military service; after the relocation of the Ministry of labor, the chief of the Ministry of punishment was the Ministry of the Ministry of labor. In the Song Dynasty, in the Song Dynasty, the Ministry of work and the Ministry of work were to work for a long time, but they were not parallel institutions, but they were far higher than those of the Zhuhai prison. Before the reform of the Yuan Feng, they had resumed their functions, but there was not much concern between them because the Ministry was at the time as an idle institution. After the restructuring of Yuanfeng, with the restoration of the function of the Ministry of work, the relationship between them was embodied as a kind of subordinate relationship. But this kind of subordinate relationship was not one to one, and the relationship between the upper and lower levels was more closely related to the Ministry of work, so the relations with the Ministry of work were more tight. In the years yP, the officials of the Department of household put forward to strengthen the control of financial power. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Ministry of water supervision and supervision and inspection. The Ministry of work will be inspected and inspected. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the water supervisors will be incorporated into the Ministry of work in succession. Soon, the Department was separated from the Ministry of work, and the relationship between them was restored to the state after the restructuring of Yuanfeng. The Ministry of work was supervised by three levels, one is the supervision of the Ministry of the Ministry of work, the other is the supervision of the Ministry of work, and the third is the supervision of the Shang Shu right. To supervise official documents, the chief of staff supervises all kinds of affairs of the Ministry of labour.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D691.4;K244

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本文編號(hào)：1908925