發(fā)布時間：2018-05-15 20:02

  本文選題：明代 + 官員��； 參考：《廈門大學(xué)》2001年博士論文

【摘要】： 本文從制度——行為的視角比較詳細(xì)地考察、分析了明朝官僚政治制度中官冗與官缺問題的幾個方面。明代任官資格和主要職官；全國官員數(shù)額的增衍；冗官狀況和特點；冗官成因及弊政；裁抑冗官的措施及其流向。官缺狀況和特點；官缺原因及后果。官冗與官缺之間的聯(lián)系，對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)、國家行政機構(gòu)運行機制的影響。 本文認(rèn)為：明朝官員隊伍龐大。官冗問題伴隨明朝始終，，成化時期冗官問題形成，正德時期官員隊伍及冗官數(shù)額創(chuàng)明代歷史最高紀(jì)錄，而并非人們所認(rèn)為的嘉萬時期。冗官的主要成分依次為武官、傳奉官、添注官和地方官等。被裁冗官主要流向為遣回原籍、罷官為民、遣回候缺和致仕等八個去向。冗官造成國困民窮，致使國家有效行政效率低下。 本文還認(rèn)為：嘉萬時期的官缺有別于正德以前的官缺，并各具特色。嘉靖時期官缺普遍、程度嚴(yán)重、隱缺不報，而政不廢。萬歷時期因神宗的親執(zhí)政柄和社會矛盾的激化等原因，官缺發(fā)生了既普遍又深刻的變化，并全面超過了嘉靖時期，突出地表現(xiàn)為官缺時間長、范圍廣、闔署皆空、長期不補等。神宗不補官缺與其“惜俸給”幾乎沒有關(guān)系。權(quán)力之爭是嘉萬時期官缺的首要原因。 官員的增益與廢缺既是出于行政管理這一客觀需要的產(chǎn)物，也是權(quán)力斗爭的產(chǎn)物。對明代官冗與官缺現(xiàn)象的研究，有助于、深化了對于中國傳統(tǒng)社會行政運作機制的認(rèn)識。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of system-behavior, this paper analyzes several aspects of the problem of official redundancy and lack in the bureaucratic political system of Ming Dynasty. Ming Dynasty official qualifications and main officials; the increase in the number of officials throughout the country; the status and characteristics of redundant officials; the causes and disadvantages of redundant officials; the measures to cut down redundant officials and their direction. Status and characteristics of lack of officials; reasons and consequences of lack of officials. The relationship between official redundancy and lack of officials, the impact on social economy and the operational mechanism of state administrative organs. This article thinks: the Ming Dynasty official troop is huge. Along with the Ming Dynasty, the problem of official redundancy formed in the Chenghua period, and the number of officials and redundant officials in the Zhengde period was the highest in the history of the Ming Dynasty, but not in the Jiawan period as considered by people. The main components of redundant officials are military attache, preaching official, adding official and local official in turn. The redundant officials were mainly sent back to their places of origin, dismissed for the people, sent back to the missing and official. The redundant official causes the country to be poor, causes the national effective administrative efficiency to be low. This paper also holds that the lack of officials in Jiawan period is different from that before Zhengde and has its own characteristics. Jiajing period of general lack of officials, the degree of serious, hidden and not reported, and the government is not abolished. In Wanli period, because of the aggravation of Shenzong's pro-ruling handle and social contradictions, the lack of officials had both general and profound changes, and exceeded the period of Jiajing in an all-round way, showing prominently that the lack of officials lasted a long time, a wide range, the whole department was empty, and so on for a long time. Shenzong's failure to fill the post had little to do with his "emoluments." The struggle for power was the chief reason for the lack of officials in the Jiawan period. The gains and disappointments of officials are not only the result of the objective need of administration, but also the outcome of power struggle. The research on the phenomenon of official redundancy and lack of officials in Ming Dynasty is helpful to deepen the understanding of Chinese traditional social administrative operation mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類號】：K248

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 吳琦;馬俊;;“乞休”與“掛冠”:晚明棄官現(xiàn)象與政治文化嬗變[J];安徽史學(xué);2012年02期

2 李佳;;明萬歷朝官員“乞休”現(xiàn)象分析[J];求是學(xué)刊;2009年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 于勇;明代中后期王府官問題研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2011年

2 孫冰;明代笑話文本解讀[D];華中師范大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：1893723