本文選題：朝貢體制 + 明清時(shí)期��； 參考：《暨南大學(xué)》2004年博士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)應(yīng)對(duì)外部世界的制度稱為朝貢體制。朝貢體制有著兩種實(shí)踐走向：一為“懷柔外夷”的實(shí)踐；一為“保持自主性”的實(shí)踐。16世紀(jì)歐洲人東來(lái)之前，朝貢體制一直實(shí)踐著“懷柔外夷”的主題，并建立了遠(yuǎn)東“華夷秩序”。這一秩序可以分為三個(gè)模式：全面學(xué)習(xí)的模式；追求朝貢貿(mào)易利益的模式；既學(xué)習(xí)又挑戰(zhàn)的模式。 明清時(shí)期，歐洲人東來(lái)后，中國(guó)與葡萄牙和英國(guó)于1840年前的交鋒，拉開(kāi)了朝貢體制“保持自主性”實(shí)踐的序幕。葡萄牙和英國(guó)對(duì)朝貢體制的挑戰(zhàn)，表現(xiàn)在他們向中國(guó)政府提出了四個(gè)方面的要求：居留地問(wèn)題；行政管轄權(quán)問(wèn)題；刑事裁判權(quán)問(wèn)題；天主教傳播問(wèn)題。葡萄牙最終采取了屈從的姿態(tài)，中國(guó)政府因此對(duì)其要求給予了一定妥協(xié)，但最終掌握了控制權(quán)。英國(guó)則拒絕臣服，中國(guó)政府因此對(duì)其要求一應(yīng)拒絕�？梢哉f(shuō)，1840年前，朝貢體制“保持自主性”實(shí)踐獲得了成功。 1840年后，英國(guó)以戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的方式繼續(xù)挑戰(zhàn)朝貢體制，朝貢體制“保持自主性”實(shí)踐進(jìn)入實(shí)質(zhì)性實(shí)踐階段，這一主題一直貫穿了中國(guó)近現(xiàn)代歷史。 本文提出朝貢體制有兩種實(shí)踐走向的觀點(diǎn)，旨在探索中國(guó)歷史的連續(xù)性及中國(guó)歷史的主體性。
[Abstract]:The traditional system of Chinese response to the outside world is called tributary system. The tributary system has two practical trends: one is the practice of "Huairou Ouyi"; the other is the practice of "keeping autonomy" .before the Europeans came to the east in the 16th century, the tributary system always practiced the theme of "Huairou Ouyi". And established the far East "Hua Yi order". This order can be divided into three models: the comprehensive learning model, the pursuit of tributary trade benefits and the model of both learning and challenge. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, after Europeans came to the east, the confrontation between China and Portugal and Britain before 1840 opened the prelude to the practice of "maintaining autonomy" in the tributary system. Portugal and Britain's challenges to the tributary system are manifested in their demands on the Chinese government in four aspects: residence; administrative jurisdiction; criminal jurisdiction; and Catholicism. Portugal finally took a subservient stance, so Beijing gave in to its demands, but ultimately took control. Britain refused to submit, and the Chinese government therefore rejected its demands. It can be said that before 1840, the tributary system was successful in the practice of maintaining autonomy. After 1840, the British continued to challenge the tributary system by way of war, and the practice of "maintaining autonomy" of the tributary system entered the stage of substantive practice. This theme has been running through the modern history of China. This paper points out that the tributary system has two practical trends, aiming at exploring the continuity of Chinese history and the subjectivity of Chinese history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：K248

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 柳岳武;;略論道咸同時(shí)期中國(guó)近代外交體制的誕生[J];史學(xué)月刊;2011年05期

2 劉亮;;朝貢制度研究綜述[J];雞西大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年07期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉喜濤;封貢關(guān)系視角下明代中朝使臣往來(lái)研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

2 陳放;朝鮮與女真、滿族諸政權(quán)關(guān)系變遷研究[D];延邊大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 張永智;曾紀(jì)澤與中法越南交涉[D];山東師范大學(xué);2012年

2 湯后虎;明清時(shí)期英國(guó)人在澳門的活動(dòng)（1635—1840）[D];暨南大學(xué);2006年

3 周亮;清代越南燕行文獻(xiàn)研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1892135