本文選題：宋代 + 系官田產(chǎn)��； 參考：《廈門大學(xué)》2003年博士論文

【摘要】： 眾所周知，土地制度是中國古代經(jīng)濟制度中最重要的制度之一，歷來為統(tǒng)治階級所重視。因之也成為治史者攀援的一根藤，循之以尋歷史發(fā)展之根源。本文試圖從制度變遷的角度對宋代“系官田產(chǎn)”這一國有土地制度及其對社會、經(jīng)濟生活的影響進行初步研究。 全文共分四章。 第一章闡述宋代“系官田產(chǎn)”的范圍、類型、來源及其產(chǎn)權(quán)變動。從廣義上講，，“系官田產(chǎn)”等同于“官田”，本文取其廣義。宋代“系官田產(chǎn)”表現(xiàn)出類型多樣化、來源多元化的特點。從所有權(quán)的角度看，宋代“系官田產(chǎn)”的類型可分為完全國有的田產(chǎn)(如官莊、荒田、屯營田、公廨田、沒官田、河灘沙涂田、監(jiān)牧地等)、暫時“系官”田產(chǎn)(在一定期限內(nèi)由國家托管、但所有權(quán)仍屬原業(yè)主私有的逃田)、由私有轉(zhuǎn)為國有的田產(chǎn)(如戶絕田產(chǎn))、國家所有而為官員個人經(jīng)營收益的田產(chǎn)(如職田)、國家所有而為各地學(xué)府使用的田產(chǎn)(部分學(xué)田)。 第二章論述“系官田產(chǎn)”的租佃關(guān)系。首先論述“系官田產(chǎn)”經(jīng)營方式的變化，分析變化的原因。通過量化分析，認(rèn)為“系官田產(chǎn)”經(jīng)營方式變化的主要原因在于宋朝國家為獲得更多的經(jīng)濟收益。其次，在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，集中地論述“系官田產(chǎn)”的租佃制度的發(fā)展。認(rèn)為在“系官田產(chǎn)”上契約租佃制進一步發(fā)展，租賃中將“憑據(jù)”稱為“契約”，體現(xiàn)了人們在商品經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中對法制的呼聲日益強烈�！岸刂鳌钡脑龆�，也使“系官田產(chǎn)”上契約租佃制比唐代更發(fā)達(dá)，同時，包佃制不是法律所規(guī)定的，而是政府對既定事實的認(rèn)可。宋代“系官田產(chǎn)”的定額地租剝削高于唐代，選擇定額租是為了降低官府的經(jīng)營成本、規(guī)避風(fēng)險；選擇分成租具有發(fā)展生產(chǎn)及解決大量浮客的生存問題等社會意義。關(guān)于宋代“系官田產(chǎn)”的佃作者，認(rèn)為與唐代相比，“二地主”的成分增多，由于宋朝劃分主客戶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)生了變化，客戶的人身依附關(guān)系減輕。本章關(guān)注了其他學(xué)者論述不多的“系官田產(chǎn)”的“抑勒”現(xiàn)象，分析了“抑勒”的原因：主要在于有地卻無人耕、官府對高額地租的追求及蠲免制度和賦稅征收體制不健全等。認(rèn)為“抑勒”只出現(xiàn)在一小部分田產(chǎn)上，由“抑勒”而產(chǎn)生的人身依附關(guān)系的加重在 宋代“系官川產(chǎn)”研究 “系宮田產(chǎn)”的租佃關(guān)系中不占主導(dǎo)地位。 第三章論述“系官田產(chǎn)”產(chǎn)權(quán)的無償轉(zhuǎn)化和有償轉(zhuǎn)化。指出在“系官田產(chǎn)”租佃 經(jīng)營過程中，政府為了節(jié)省管理費用，也為了鼓勵地方農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展、增加財政收 入，在一些地方允許部分田產(chǎn)無償轉(zhuǎn)化為佃作者的“己業(yè)”。其中為“己業(yè)”的田產(chǎn)中 分為有所有權(quán)的和僅有使用權(quán)的，政府讓百姓出錢購買有使用權(quán)的部分才意味著將國 有產(chǎn)權(quán)完全轉(zhuǎn)化為私有產(chǎn)權(quán)。文中論述宋代出賣“系官田產(chǎn)”的過程及其原因，并對 佃權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移作了分析。認(rèn)為出于經(jīng)濟原因的佃權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移是宋代租佃制度發(fā)展的表現(xiàn)，一般 來說會促進租佃制的進一步發(fā)展，而強制性的佃權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移—刻佃無疑會阻礙租佃制度 的發(fā)展。 第四章探討宋代“系官田產(chǎn)”中“親鄰關(guān)系”的變化，從產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系與親鄰關(guān)系相 互影響的角度立論。認(rèn)為當(dāng)一些私有田產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)為國有之后，它們原來的“親鄰關(guān)系”并 沒有消失，政府在租佃或出賣這些田產(chǎn)時，必然面臨如何處理“親鄰關(guān)系”的問題。 從北宋到南宋，與私有田產(chǎn)相比，“系官田產(chǎn)”的“親鄰關(guān)系”相對淡化。文中分析淡 化的原因，主要在于商品經(jīng)濟下人們對更多經(jīng)濟利益的追求、產(chǎn)權(quán)(包括所有權(quán)和佃 權(quán))不斷轉(zhuǎn)換、以及戶口不斷遷移等。并指出“親鄰關(guān)系”的淡化使“系官田產(chǎn)”的 佃賣更加自由、頻繁、迅速，而這些反過來會更加淡化其“親鄰關(guān)系”。
[Abstract]:As we all know, the land system is one of the most important systems in the ancient Chinese economic system and has always been paid attention to by the ruling class. Because of it, the land system has also been the root of the historical development. This article tries to study the state land system and its society and economy in the Song Dynasty from the angle of institutional change. The impact of life is preliminarily studied.
The full text is divided into four chapters.
In the first chapter, the scope, types, sources and changes in property rights of the "department officer field" in the Song Dynasty are described. In a broad sense, the "Department official field" is equivalent to the "official field". This article takes its broad sense. The "Department official field" in the Song Dynasty shows a variety of types and the characteristics of pluralism. From the perspective of ownership, the type of "Department official's field" can be divided into the Song Dynasty. Completely state owned fields (such as government and village, wasteland, Tuen Ying Tian, Gong Tian Tian, unofficial field, river beach sand field, prison land, etc.), temporary "department officer" field (in a certain period of time managed by the state, but the ownership still belongs to the private refuge of the original owner), the private transfer to the state-owned field production (such as the household), the state owned and operated for the official income of the field. Produce (such as field), owned by the state and used by local colleges and universities (part of the field).
The second chapter discusses the tenancy relationship of the "Department official field". First, it discusses the changes in the management mode of the "Department official field" and analyzes the reasons for the change. By quantitative analysis, the main reason for the change of the management mode of the "Department official's field" is that the state of the Song Dynasty is to gain more economic benefits. The development of the tenancy system of the "Department official field" thought that the contract tenancy system was further developed in the "Department official field". The lease "credentials" was called "contract", which reflected the increasingly strong voice of the legal system in the development of commodity economy. The increase of "two landlords" also made the contract tenancy system more likely than the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, the tenancy system is not stipulated by the law, but the government's recognition of the established facts. The quota rent exploitation of the "Department officials in the Song Dynasty" is higher than that of the Tang Dynasty. The choice of the quota rent is to reduce the operation cost of the government and avoid the risk, and choose the social significance of sharing the renting with the development and production and solving the existence of a large number of floating passengers. In the Song Dynasty, the tenant author of "Department official field" believes that, compared with the Tang Dynasty, the composition of the "two landlords" is increasing. Because of the changes in the standard of the main customers in the Song Dynasty, the dependence of the customers is reduced. The government's pursuit of high land rent and the imperfection of the system of exempting and exempting taxes are not perfect.
The study of "Chuan Guan Chuan" in the Song Dynasty
The relationship between the tenants and the tenants is not dominant.
The third chapter discusses the free conversion and paid transformation of the property rights of "official land production".
In the process of operation, the government increases financial revenue in order to save management costs and encourage the development of local agricultural economy.
In some places, some fields are allowed to be converted into tenants' own businesses without compensation.
Divided into ownership and the right to use only, the government allows the people to pay for the right to use part of the country.
Property rights are completely transformed into private property rights. This article discusses the process and reasons for selling the official property in Song Dynasty.
The transfer of the right of tenancy is analyzed. It is considered that the transfer of the right of tenancy for economic reasons is the manifestation of the tenancy system in the Song Dynasty.
It will promote the further development of the tenancy system, and the forced transfer of tenancy will undoubtedly hinder the tenancy system.
Development.
The fourth chapter discusses the change of "neighborhood relationship" in the Song Dynasty's "official land production", from the relationship between property right and neighbor relationship.
From the point of view of mutual influence, it is believed that after the transfer of some private land into state ownership, their original "neighbour relations" and
If the government does not disappear, the government will inevitably face the problem of "neighbour relations" when tenant or sell these fields.
From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, compared with the private land production, the "neighborhood relationship" of "official farmland production" was relatively desalinated.
The main reason for this is the pursuit of more economic interests in the commodity economy, including ownership and tenancy.
Constantly changing the right, and constantly moving accounts, etc., and points out that the dilution of "neighbour relations" has made the "official production".
Tenancy sales are more free, frequent and rapid, which in turn will weaken their "neighborhood relationship".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：K244

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 章太長;陳珍華;;從傳承性和拓展性看元代江蘇地區(qū)的官學(xué)教育[J];貴州師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2012年05期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 賈燦燦;宋代的學(xué)田制度[D];鄭州大學(xué);2011年

本文編號：1877844