本文選題：鄭氏集團(tuán) + 官商關(guān)系�。� 參考：《南開大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：15世紀(jì)末的大航海開辟了新航線，已有的區(qū)域性貿(mào)易圈被不斷延伸的新航線重新整合在了一起。新聯(lián)系的建立形成了真正意義上的全球市場，而市場整合使中國商品的需求擴(kuò)大。面對貿(mào)易利潤的增加和明朝的海禁政策，以及西方商人的武裝貿(mào)易競爭，在明政府軍事保護(hù)缺位的情況下，華商逐漸聯(lián)合組成強(qiáng)大的武裝海商集團(tuán)。1625年興起的鄭氏集團(tuán)就是其中的典型代表。1628年鄭氏集團(tuán)利用明清鼎革的機(jī)會，接受了明朝的招撫，從而迅速崛起，之后明朝滅亡，鄭氏集團(tuán)繼續(xù)抗清，直至1683年。 鄭氏集團(tuán)建立了一整套包括稅收、組織和金融制度來支持商人；面對不斷變化的外部環(huán)境靈活使用不同的貿(mào)易策略以保護(hù)和爭取商業(yè)利益；其強(qiáng)大水師為這一切的實(shí)施提供了有力的保障，并在一定程度上直接參與商業(yè)利益的爭取和保護(hù)。正是這一切造就了鄭氏集團(tuán)在遠(yuǎn)東水域的貿(mào)易主導(dǎo)權(quán)和制海權(quán)，并使一直銳不可當(dāng)?shù)奈鞣絿以谌蚍秶鷥?nèi)的擴(kuò)張?jiān)庥鲋卮蟠煺邸＿@種官商關(guān)系與明清不積極支持商人的官商關(guān)系非常不同，，反而與當(dāng)時的西方國家更為相似。 鄭氏集團(tuán)之所以選擇如此獨(dú)特的官商關(guān)系，從全球的視角看，鄭氏集團(tuán)是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)建立所帶來的利潤增加效應(yīng)下產(chǎn)生的商人集團(tuán)，商人是其最本質(zhì)的特征，因而積極參與對外貿(mào)易并支持商人以獲得貿(mào)易利潤是理所當(dāng)然的；從地區(qū)的視角看明末清初的政局變動在明亡之前為鄭氏集團(tuán)利用公權(quán)力支持商人提供了可能，而在明亡之后使鄭氏集團(tuán)面臨巨大的生存壓力。再加上閩南的地理環(huán)境和鄭氏集團(tuán)自身反清復(fù)明的政治理想所帶來的生存壓力。鄭氏集團(tuán)為了緩解軍事和財(cái)政壓力，選擇了對商人提供保護(hù)和支持。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 15 th century, navigation opened up new routes, and the existing regional trading circle was reintegrated with new and expanding routes. The establishment of new links has created a truly global market, and market integration has expanded the demand for Chinese goods. Faced with the increase in trade profits and the maritime ban policy of the Ming Dynasty, as well as the armed trade competition of Western businessmen, under the circumstances of the absence of military protection by the Ming government, The Chinese merchants gradually United to form a powerful armed maritime business group. The Zheng family group, which rose in 1625, was a typical representative. In 1628, the Zheng family group took advantage of the opportunity of the Ming and Qing dynasties and received the stroke of the Ming Dynasty, so it rose rapidly, and then the Ming Dynasty died. Zheng's Group continued to resist the Qing Dynasty until 1683. Zheng Group established a set of tax, organization and financial systems to support businessmen, flexible use of different trade strategies to protect and strive for business interests in the changing external environment. Its powerful watermen provide a strong guarantee for the implementation of this, and to some extent directly participate in the commercial interests of the fight and protection. It was all this that led to Zheng's dominance of trade and sea control in the waters of the far East, and caused a major setback to the expansion of the irresistible Western countries around the world. This kind of official-business relationship is very different from that of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which did not support the merchants actively, but more similar to the western countries at that time. From the global point of view, Zheng's Group is a merchant group which is produced by the profit increase effect brought about by the establishment of the global economy, and the businessman is its most essential characteristic. Therefore, it is natural to take an active part in foreign trade and support businessmen in order to obtain trade profits. From a regional perspective, the political changes in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties provided the possibility for the Zheng family group to use its public power to support businessmen before the Ming Dynasty fell. And in Ming Dynasty after the death of Zheng Group faced with great pressure to survive. In addition, the geographical environment of Minnan and the survival pressure brought by Zheng's own political ideal of anti-Qing and Ming dynasty. In order to ease the military and financial pressure, the Zheng Group chose to provide protection and support to businessmen.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F752.9;K248

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