本文選題：明孝宗實(shí)錄 + 奏疏�。� 參考：《南開(kāi)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：《明孝宗實(shí)錄》是按時(shí)間順序記載關(guān)于明孝宗在位時(shí)期(成化二十三年八月至弘治十八年五月)歷史的編年體文獻(xiàn)。正德元年(第1506年)始修,正德四年(第1509年)修成。全書(shū)共二百二十四卷,卷帙浩繁,內(nèi)容豐富,是了解和研究該時(shí)期歷史最重要的資料。該書(shū)收載了大量的奏疏,編寫(xiě)了很多人物傳記,同時(shí)還記錄了該時(shí)期制定的典章制度及發(fā)生的各類(lèi)事件。其中《明孝宗實(shí)錄》奏疏收錄有一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),關(guān)涉國(guó)體、皇帝者入錄,或條議可行、有裨益者亦入錄。其奏疏摘錄的優(yōu)長(zhǎng)之處非常明顯,首先數(shù)量龐大,內(nèi)容豐富,系時(shí)明確,對(duì)奏疏的處理意見(jiàn)記載完備等。但亦有不足之處,與相關(guān)明人文集等收錄奏疏對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)有些奏疏漏載;有些奏疏只摘大要,具體內(nèi)容失詳;甚至有記載錯(cuò)誤者等,需要借助其他文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充與校正。《明孝宗實(shí)錄》所載已歿大臣、勛戚等傳記數(shù)量可觀(guān),其撰寫(xiě)根據(jù)異常豐富,包括前朝實(shí)錄,傳主的行狀、墓志、神道碑,傳主生前所著書(shū)信、文章及該書(shū)編纂前已出版的傳主文集等�！睹餍⒆趯�(shí)錄》根據(jù)傳主的不同情況,對(duì)資料進(jìn)行篩選,并進(jìn)行精細(xì)的刪削與潤(rùn)色,最終形成了具有自身特色之記述風(fēng)格。其所撰傳記有較為稀見(jiàn)者,成為《國(guó)朝獻(xiàn)征錄》、《本朝分省人物考》、《罪惟錄》、《明史》等所載傳記的資料來(lái)源。其評(píng)價(jià)傳主較墓志碑銘等或更客觀(guān)、準(zhǔn)確,但亦有誤記者,甚至有刻意詆毀或過(guò)度夸贊傳主者,當(dāng)加以甄別�！睹餍⒆趯�(shí)錄》記載事件詳略隨宜,有大書(shū)、詳錄者,如冊(cè)封太子、出征御敵、審理大獄等大事;有略書(shū)、概述者,如文武百官考滿(mǎn)升遷、外藩朝貢回賞、遣官祭祀等常例。另外通過(guò)追述等方式處理相關(guān)事件之間的關(guān)系,前后照應(yīng)。除了按時(shí)間編排各個(gè)事件外,還集中記載某些事件發(fā)生的原因、過(guò)程與結(jié)果。通過(guò)與當(dāng)事人所撰親歷史書(shū)等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)《明孝宗實(shí)錄》某些記載,為他書(shū)所缺載或不詳,記載準(zhǔn)確度較高。其不足之處在于事件之記載有失誤、失當(dāng)者,亦有失詳者,需進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充與校正。《明孝宗實(shí)錄》書(shū)出眾手,加之現(xiàn)今僅有抄本傳世,難免存在某些錯(cuò)誤之處,故極有必要對(duì)其全部記載進(jìn)行辨誤、糾誤。本文在對(duì)該書(shū)進(jìn)行全面詳細(xì)辨誤的基礎(chǔ)上,選其重要或比較重要者,將其所載錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行分類(lèi),舉例說(shuō)明并分析其致誤原因。其類(lèi)別包括人名錯(cuò)誤、地名錯(cuò)誤、時(shí)間錯(cuò)誤、官職名稱(chēng)錯(cuò)誤、數(shù)字錯(cuò)誤、事件記載錯(cuò)誤以及文句中的訛字、脫字、衍字等。通過(guò)對(duì)《明孝宗實(shí)錄》編纂的研究及對(duì)其史實(shí)記載的辨誤,發(fā)現(xiàn)該書(shū)之編纂為歷史文獻(xiàn)編纂學(xué)提供了重要的啟示。首先其編纂過(guò)程具有很多值得借鑒之處,包括編纂官史學(xué)涵養(yǎng)較高、編纂成員分工明確、凡例規(guī)定的撰寫(xiě)領(lǐng)域明確而廣泛、敘述手法多樣。但也存在某些不足,使編纂質(zhì)量的提高仍有一定空間,需要后人引以為戒。例如《明孝宗實(shí)錄》凡例規(guī)定缺乏細(xì)則,對(duì)編纂者的史德要求未作特別提出,編纂官臨時(shí)組織任命,且時(shí)有調(diào)動(dòng),皆有礙高質(zhì)量歷史文獻(xiàn)的撰寫(xiě)。另外,撰成后未出精刊本,造成存世者皆為手抄本,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)字、脫字、衍字以及字跡模糊等現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:"Ming piety Zong real record" is a chronological record of the chronology of the history of the emperor of Ming piety (twenty-three years from August to May). The first year of Zheng de (1506th years) was established, and it was established for four years (1509th years). A total of two hundred and twenty-four volumes of the book are numerous and rich in content. It is the most important to understand and study the history of this period. The book contains a lot of memorials, compiling a lot of biographies, and recording the system and various events that have been made in this period. Obviously, the first number is large, the content is rich, the Department is clear and the records of the memorials are well documented. But there are also shortcomings, and there are some omissions in the collection of memorials from the related people's collections. Some of the memorials only pick up the major, the specific contents are missing, and even those who have recorded the errors need to be supplemented and corrected with the help of other documents. The number of biographies, such as the Minister of the Minister of Ming Xiao Zong, is considerable, and his writing is based on abnormally abundant biographies such as the previous dynasty, the epitaph, the monument, the letter of the master, the article and the published essays before the compilation of the book. Finely cut and embellish and eventually form a narrative style with its own characteristics. To destroy or excessively praise the master, when it is screened. The records of the Ming piety are detailed and detailed, and there are large books and detailed records, such as the prince, the imperial enemy, and the great prison. In addition to the chronological arrangement of various events, the reasons for the occurrence of certain events, the process and the results are also recorded. By comparing with the relevant documents of the history books written by the parties, it is found that the record of "Ming piety" is more accurate. If there is a mistake, the lost person, and the missing person, it is necessary to make a supplement and correction. Classifying the errors, illustrating and analyzing the causes of errors, including the name error, the place name error, the time error, the error of the official name, the error of the number, the error in the record of the events, the misword in the text, the degenerate and the derivations, etc.. The book is found by the study of the compilation of the Ming piety record and the error of the historical records. The compilation process has provided important enlightenment for the compilation of historical documents. First, the compilation process has a lot to learn from, including the high cultivation of the historiography of the codification officer, the clear division of the codification of the members, the clear and extensive field of writing, and the variety of narrative techniques. However, there are some shortcomings, which still have a certain space for the improvement of the quality of the compilation. For example, the later generations are quoted as caution. For example, the fact records of "Ming piety" are lack of rules and regulations, the requirements of the historian's history and virtue are not specially proposed, the temporary organization of the codification officer is appointed, and the time has been transferred, which hinders the writing of high quality historical documents. The phenomenon of blurred handwriting.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開(kāi)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K248
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本文編號(hào)：1854461