本文選題：唐宋 + 制度�。� 參考：《東北師范大學》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 中書省漸重,成為行政決策核心,是唐宋時期行政中樞發(fā)展變化的主要特點。作為中書省長官以及行政中樞的秘書官,中書舍人由唐至宋的職掌變化并不顯著,典掌制誥,參政議政。然而,其職權(quán)的范圍與側(cè)重卻發(fā)生很大變化。唐代中書舍人作為宰相判官的身份較為突出,宋代中書舍人職權(quán)的獨立性較強,其權(quán)力變化可以解讀為由泛權(quán)到實權(quán)的變化過程。這種權(quán)力變化的背后,與君權(quán)、相權(quán)的變化,與唐宋時期行政體制的整體變化,都密不可分。 本文在盡量吸收學術(shù)界已有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,分三章對唐宋中書舍人進行了較為系統(tǒng)化的分析研究。 第一章“唐宋中書舍人的職掌”。通過考察中書舍人一職在中國古代歷史上的發(fā)展軌跡、唐宋時期中書舍人的職官構(gòu)成、草詔之職的歷史源流以及中書舍人的供職機構(gòu)與宿直,從整體上勾勒出唐宋中書舍人的職掌范圍與特征。通過對唐宋公文書類型、中書舍人所草制命的類型、唐宋主要文書制度及制書格式等問題的系統(tǒng)研究,對于中書舍人職掌外制的具體情況及其發(fā)展變化深入探討。制命文字,主要由中書舍人各自獨立起草完成。舍人行詞的回避制度在紹興初年得以確立。由唐至宋,中書舍人的職權(quán)呈上升趨勢,而翰林學士呈下降趨勢。中書舍人掌草外制、判省事、宣旨冊命、掌察冤滯、考舉及撰修制度律令與史籍,參與唐宋時期政治活動的很多方面,有著舉足輕重的作用。 第二章“中書舍人與唐宋行政中樞運作”。本章對唐宋行政中樞體制進行梳理。唐初三省的發(fā)展,是以門下權(quán)力不斷發(fā)展完善為特點的,而具體到三省內(nèi)部,又是以中書舍人與給事中的權(quán)力不斷擴大為具體表現(xiàn)。唐代中后期的以中書門下為主導,中書省、門下省仍然保留行政職能。唐代的中書門下,是北宋中書門下體制的基礎(chǔ)。宋代行政中樞的演變軌跡,是決策、行政統(tǒng)一的中書門下體制經(jīng)由改制,確定了中書取旨、門下審覆、尚書執(zhí)行的三省制度,然而在實際發(fā)展過程中,仍然逆轉(zhuǎn)不了行政中樞一體化的趨勢。唐前期中書舍人的職權(quán)主要體現(xiàn)為起草制敕和參議表章兩個方面。宋代中書舍人的職權(quán)主要體現(xiàn)為起草制敕和封還詞頭兩個方面,官制改革之后,恢復了中書舍人參議表章的權(quán)力。唐宋中書舍人由起草進畫之職,職權(quán)不斷發(fā)展,參議表章、封還詞頭、封駁制敕,由撰務(wù)漸掌機務(wù),至南宋,權(quán)力達到頂峰。中書舍人的身影遍布行政運作的各個環(huán)節(jié),決策形成之中,也有中書舍人的參與。中書舍人的職權(quán)在唐宋時期總的看來是呈上升趨勢。作為宰相屬官,中書舍人與宰相的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為既依賴又對立。 第三章“中書舍人的管理”。本章對中書舍人的員額、品級、章服、班位、俸入等制度規(guī)定加以梳理,并對其在唐宋間的變化加以考察。中書舍人的任免升降,都依據(jù)一定的規(guī)則制度。在中書舍人的選用上,本人素質(zhì)與能力是考慮的最主要因素。中書舍人的人員流動頻繁,但多以升遷為主,中書舍人之職是晉升宰輔的主要途徑之一。 余論“中書舍人的科舉出身與地域家族性�！敝袝崛说倪x任,最根本的依據(jù)還是其本人的素質(zhì)。對此,有無科考功名,就成為中書舍人選任的基本條件之一。唐宋中書舍人的構(gòu)成,唐代以北方人為主,至宋以南方人為主。曾任舍人的為官之家,占中書舍人的很大比例,唐代高于宋代。這也說明,在科舉制度下,入仕的公平性大大提高,中書舍人的來源也日趨廣泛,對于政治穩(wěn)定與文化教育的發(fā)展,都有一定的促進作用。
[Abstract]:The central Book province gradually became the core of the administrative decision, which was the main characteristic of the development and change of the administrative center in the Tang and Song dynasties. As the governor of the Chinese Book province and the Secretarial Officer of the administrative center, the change of Tang Zhisong's duties was not remarkable, the palmar and the political affairs of the Chinese books were changed. However, the scope and emphasis of his power had changed greatly. As the Prime Minister of the prime minister, the identity of the prime minister is more prominent, and the independence of the scholars in the Song Dynasty is strong. The change of power can be interpreted as a process of change from Pan power to real power. Behind this change of power, the change of the power of the monarchy and the right of phase with the administrative system in the Tang and Song dynasties are all inseparable.
On the basis of absorbing academic achievements, this paper makes a systematic analysis and analysis of the scholars in Tang and Song dynasties in three chapters.
The first chapter, "the duty of the scholar in the Tang and Song Dynasties". Through the investigation of the development track in the ancient Chinese history, the composition of the officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the historical origin of the imperial edict, the service organization and the accommodation of the Chinese Shu men, outlined the scope and characteristics of the duty of the Tang Song Zhongshu. The type of the book of the Song Dynasty, the type of the life of the weeds, the system of the main document system and the format of making books in the Tang and Song Dynasties, discussed the specific situation and the development and changes of the system and the development and change of the Chinese books. From the Tang to the Song Dynasty, the power of the scholar in the Tang Dynasty was on the rise, and the Han Lin bachelors showed a downward trend.
In the second chapter, the central system of the administrative center of the Tang and Song Dynasties was combed in this chapter. The development of the three provinces in the early Tang Dynasty was characterized by the continuous development and perfection of the power in the three provinces, and the concrete manifestation of the expansion of the power in the three provinces and the power of the Chinese books in the middle and later period of the Tang Dynasty. Under the central Book gate of the Tang Dynasty, the central Book gate of the Tang Dynasty is the foundation of the middle book and the lower system in the Northern Song Dynasty. The evolution track of the administrative center of the Song Dynasty is the decision. It still can not reverse the trend of the integration of the administrative center. The power of the scholar in the period of the Tang Dynasty is mainly embodied in the two aspects of the drafting system and the participation of the Senate. The power of the scholar in the Song Dynasty is mainly embodied in the two aspects of the drafting and edict and the closure of the word, and after the reform of the official system, the power of the Chinese Book Men's participation in the Senate is restored. From the drafting to the painting, the power and authority continued to develop, the participation of the words, the seal refutation and the imperial edict, the power reached the peak in the Southern Song Dynasty. As a prime minister, the relationship between the middle Shu and the prime minister is both dependent and antagonistic.
The third chapter, "the management of the man in the book of the Chinese books". This chapter combs the regulations of the posts, grades, costumes, class positions, salary and so on, and examines the changes between the Tang and Song dynasties. In fact, the flow of personnel is frequent, but most of them are promoted by promotion.
On the basis of the selection of the Chinese books, the fundamental basis for the selection of the Chinese books, the most fundamental basis or the quality of their own, is one of the basic conditions for the selection of the Chinese books. The composition of the rounding men in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the north in the Tang Dynasty, and the south in the Song Dynasty. The family, which accounts for a large proportion of the Chinese books, is higher than the Song Dynasty. It also shows that under the imperial examination system, the fairness of the entry is greatly improved, and the source of the Chinese books is becoming more and more extensive. It has a certain effect on the political stability and the development of culture and education.

【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K242

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前2條

1 侯佳;中書舍人與北宋詩文研究[D];河南大學;2012年

2 陳朝陽;北宋熙豐時期的兩府研究[D];首都師范大學;2012年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前4條

1 張珂;中唐翰林學士詩歌創(chuàng)作研究[D];河南大學;2011年

2 宮超;隋唐時期中書舍人研究[D];青海師范大學;2011年

3 李曉斌;漢唐謁者官制研究[D];魯東大學;2012年

4 龐檜存;樓鑰研究[D];河北大學;2012年

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本文編號：1854058