發(fā)布時間：2018-04-28 04:43

  本文選題：兩宋東南社會與疫病 + 影響　； 參考：《南京師范大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文選取兩宋東南地區(qū)作為一個研究區(qū)域，著重探討疫病的流行與社會的關(guān)系，筆者通過制作圖表統(tǒng)計得出：疫病在這一地區(qū)流行100多次，具有季節(jié)性、區(qū)域性等特點。這與兩宋東南地區(qū)獨特的自然環(huán)境與社會環(huán)境相關(guān)，特別是與災荒、戰(zhàn)爭、饑荒有著極為密切的聯(lián)系。筆者統(tǒng)計，水災直接引發(fā)疫病的流行共有7次，占疫病爆發(fā)總數(shù)的7％，旱災直接引發(fā)疫病的流行共5次，，占疫病爆發(fā)總數(shù)的5％，戰(zhàn)爭直接引發(fā)疫病的流行共有8次，占疫病爆發(fā)總數(shù)的6％，饑荒直接引發(fā)疫病的流行共有16次，占疫病爆發(fā)總數(shù)的15％。 疫病的流行所帶來的損失遠遠不只是尸體遍地和大量的財產(chǎn)化為烏有，直接影響著政治、經(jīng)濟和文化領(lǐng)域的方方面面，更是對于民眾的心態(tài)和社會秩序帶來了極大的沖擊。面對著疫病的流行，政府采取了許多措施，包括求神祈禱、打擊巫覡，頒布醫(yī)方、施醫(yī)送藥，設置醫(yī)療救濟機構(gòu)，改善公共環(huán)境等，控制疫病的蔓延。政府的這些措施，在疫病的救助過程中起了主導作用。然而政府所實施的救濟活動更多地體現(xiàn)為一種仁政，雖然常設性救濟機構(gòu)已經(jīng)建立并在社會上運行，但是官僚機構(gòu)的效率低下以及強勢階層的干預，使這些機構(gòu)在運轉(zhuǎn)中有時會出現(xiàn)扭曲，再加上地方上財政的匱乏，因此政府所實施的救濟活動不可能完全滿足民眾的需要。而民間的救助活動，在一定程度上可以彌補政府力量上的缺陷，有效緩解了疫病的蔓延。當然疫病的救助，離不開民眾和醫(yī)學家的參與，隨著城市和鄉(xiāng)村兩種戶口的出現(xiàn)，民眾在城市和農(nóng)村的醫(yī)療救濟模式也迥然不同。同時醫(yī)學家們不僅參與了疫病的救治工作，還在疫病理論上取得了一定的成就。 需要指出的是，疫病作為兩宋東南地區(qū)生態(tài)體系的一個重要組成部分，在一定意義上來講，它有效地調(diào)節(jié)著兩宋東南地區(qū)的生態(tài)壞境。
[Abstract]:This paper selects the southeast area of Song Dynasty as a research area, and probes into the relationship between epidemic disease and society. By making charts and statistics, the author draws the conclusion that epidemic disease is prevalent in this area more than 100 times, with the characteristics of seasonality and regionality. This is closely related to the unique natural environment and social environment in the southeast of Song Dynasty, especially to famine, war and famine. According to the author's statistics, the total number of epidemics directly caused by floods is 7, accounting for 7 of the total number of outbreaks of epidemic diseases, the number of epidemics directly caused by drought is 5, accounting for 5 of the total number of outbreaks of epidemic diseases, and the total number of epidemics directly triggered by war is 8. It accounts for 6 times of the total number of outbreaks of epidemic diseases, 16 times of which are directly caused by famine, accounting for 15 times of the total number of outbreaks of epidemic diseases. The loss caused by epidemic disease is not only the loss of corpses everywhere and a great deal of property, but also has a direct impact on all aspects of politics, economy and culture, and also has a great impact on the public mentality and social order. Faced with the epidemic of epidemic disease, the government has taken many measures, including praying for God, cracking down on wizard, promulgating medical prescription, dispensing medicine, setting up medical relief organization, improving public environment, and controlling the spread of epidemic disease. These measures by the government have played a leading role in the relief of the epidemic. However, the relief activities carried out by the government are more embodied in a kind of benevolent government. Although permanent relief organizations have been established and run in society, the bureaucracy is inefficient and the strong class interferes. These institutions are sometimes distorted in their operation, combined with a lack of local finances, so that the relief activities implemented by the Government cannot fully meet the needs of the population. The folk relief activities, to a certain extent, can make up for the shortcomings of the government, and effectively alleviate the spread of the epidemic. Of course, the relief of epidemic disease can not be separated from the participation of people and medical scientists. With the emergence of urban and rural hukou, the modes of medical relief in urban and rural areas are also very different. At the same time, the medical experts not only participated in the treatment of epidemic disease, but also made some achievements in the theory of epidemic disease. It should be pointed out that the epidemic disease is an important part of the ecological system in the southeast of Song Dynasty. In a certain sense, it effectively regulates the ecological environment of the southeast region of the two Song dynasties.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K244

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本文編號：1813814