本文選題：先秦　切入點(diǎn)：社祭　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2010年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：社祭是經(jīng)學(xué)中的一個(gè)老問(wèn)題,對(duì)于研究先秦時(shí)期的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、社會(huì)生活、宗教信仰、民俗文化均具有重要意義。通過(guò)對(duì)先秦社祭的深入研究,本文具體討論了一些新發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)界爭(zhēng)論較為激烈的某些重要問(wèn)題,文中也提出了新的見解。 第一章,先秦社祭溯源。本章對(duì)社祭起源最具代表性的“圖騰說(shuō)”、“圣地說(shuō)”、“生殖崇拜說(shuō)”、“樹木、森林說(shuō)”等四種說(shuō)法進(jìn)行了評(píng)析。并指出這些說(shuō)法的不足之處。然后從文字學(xué)、宗教學(xué)角度論證了先秦社祭起源于先民對(duì)土地本身的直接崇拜。 第二章,社祭制度。本章依次討論了社祭的社配、社主、社尸和祭法、祭品的演變等問(wèn)題。殷人祭祀風(fēng)俗還比較野蠻,用人為牲,較為常見。周代用人為牲則不多見,并且會(huì)遭到強(qiáng)烈的譴責(zé),人的地位開始提高,統(tǒng)治者更重視德治。殷人比較重視祭品的豐厚,周人則比較重視祭祀的禮儀與禮義,而且天神、地示、人鬼都有一定的祭祀系統(tǒng)。句龍、大禹作為社配,是自然神逐步人化,英雄祖先逐步神化的結(jié)果。本章還討論了社尸與人鬼之尸的區(qū)別,以及尸的內(nèi)涵和為尸的條件。 第三章,軍社與亳社。本章詳細(xì)論述周代與秦漢時(shí)期軍社制度、軍社作用的異同,認(rèn)為其不同原因在于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)規(guī)模和特點(diǎn)發(fā)生了改變,宗教思想也發(fā)生了變化,周代軍事征伐必祭社,漢代則祭太一、蚩尤。本章對(duì)商代亳之地望、亳社性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了分析,對(duì)“亳社”為“膏社”說(shuō)提出了商榷意見,也對(duì)“周代亳社非亡國(guó)之社”說(shuō)提出了質(zhì)疑。 第四章,后土、地主、稷、社、先農(nóng)諸神關(guān)系辨析。本章論述了后土、地主與社的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系,重新探討了簡(jiǎn)文中的“后土”、“地主”、“宮后土”、“宮地主”、“野地主”的性質(zhì)。對(duì)社、稷源流,社、稷關(guān)系,“社稷”合稱問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了論述,討論了大社、王社的所在位置,“社稷”合稱起源的時(shí)間等問(wèn)題。本章同時(shí)論述了先農(nóng)與社、稷之間的區(qū)別。 第五章,社祭的作用。社祭的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)作用,鑒于已有學(xué)者作了翔實(shí)的論述,本文對(duì)此未作詳論。本章側(cè)重于論述社祭在民眾日常生活、宗教信仰中的作用,前輩學(xué)者對(duì)此鮮有探討,因而也是比較有意義的。 結(jié)語(yǔ)部分則總結(jié)了本論文的主要觀點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Social sacrifice is an old problem in the study of the Classics, which is of great significance to the study of politics, economy, military affairs, social life, religious belief and folk culture in the pre-Qin period. In this paper, some newly discovered problems are discussed in detail, and some new opinions are also put forward for some important problems which have been debated intensely in academic circles. The first chapter, the origin of the pre-Qin social sacrifice. This chapter of the origin of the most representative of the "Totem", "Holy Land", "Reproduction worship theory", "trees," In this paper, the author analyzes the four kinds of theories such as "forest theory" and points out their shortcomings. Then, from the perspective of philology and religion, the author proves that the social sacrifice of the pre-Qin period originated from the direct worship of the land itself by the people of the pre-Qin Dynasty. Chapter two, the system of social sacrifice. This chapter discusses in turn the social distribution of social sacrifice, the owner of the society, the body of the society and the method of sacrifice, and the evolution of sacrifice. The custom of offering sacrifices to the Yin people is still more barbaric, and it is more common to use people as animals, but it is seldom seen in the Zhou Dynasty. And will be strongly condemned, the status of human beings began to improve, the rulers attached more importance to the rule of virtue. The Yin people paid more attention to the abundance of sacrifices, while the Zhou people paid more attention to the etiquette and propriety of sacrificial sacrifices. People and ghosts all have a certain system of sacrifice. As social cooperation, sentence long and Dayu are the result of the gradual humanization of natural deities and the gradual deification of heroic ancestors. This chapter also discusses the differences between social corpses and human and ghost corpses, as well as the connotation of corpses and the conditions for them to be corpses. The third chapter, the military and the Bo society. This chapter discusses in detail the similarities and differences between the Zhou Dynasty and the Qin and Han dynasties, and thinks that the different reasons are that the scale and characteristics of the war have changed, and the religious thoughts have also changed. In this chapter, the author analyzes the nature of the Bo Society in the Shang Dynasty, and discusses the idea that "Bo Society" is the "ointment society". He also questioned the theory that the Bo Society of the Zhou Dynasty was not a society of subjugation. Chapter four, the relationship between the later soil, the landlord, the State, the Society and the first Peasant Gods. This chapter discusses the differences and relations between the later soil, the landlord and the co-operative. This paper reprobes into the nature of "hindland", "landlord", "palace hind earth", "palace landlord" and "wild landlord" in the brief works. It discusses the joint names of the co-operatives, the origin of the state, the relations between the society and the state, and the "social state", and discusses the collective names of the big co-operatives. At the same time, this chapter discusses the difference between the agriculture, the society and the state. Chapter V, the role of the social sacrifice, the political and economic role of the social sacrifice, in view of the scholars have made a detailed discussion of this, this chapter focuses on the role of social sacrifice in the daily life of the people, religious beliefs, Previous generations of scholars on this rarely discussed, and therefore more meaningful. The conclusion summarizes the main points of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K221

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