本文選題：漢靈帝　切入點：侍中寺　出處：《華東師范大學》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 東漢末年是中國古代社會大變動、大變革的前夜，，魏晉以降的很多新思潮、新風尚都萌芽于這個時期。自和帝始，豪族大姓勢力不斷膨脹，外戚宦官交替執(zhí)政，東漢王朝的統(tǒng)治逐步走向衰微，危機四伏。自建寧元年(168年)即位到中平六年(189年)，漢靈帝在位22年。其在位期間，宦官勢力發(fā)展到頂點，朝政異�；璋�，后期軍閥割據(jù)局面逐漸形成，西北羌族、鮮卑、烏桓以及西南邊疆各少數(shù)民族不斷反叛，中平元年(184年)爆發(fā)的黃巾大起義給奄奄一息的東漢王朝再一次重創(chuàng)。不過靈帝并不甘于成為一個末世之君，他采取了諸多措施試圖挽救王朝。 本文第一章介紹了靈帝即位之前東漢的政治經(jīng)濟形勢，指出當時東漢王朝面臨著外憂內(nèi)患的嚴重局面。統(tǒng)治階級內(nèi)部外戚宦官交替執(zhí)政，奢侈之風盛行，邊疆極不穩(wěn)固，少數(shù)民族反叛不斷，同時農(nóng)民起義風起云涌，更是加深了統(tǒng)治危機。這一時期又是自然災害的多發(fā)階段，這對東漢中后期的經(jīng)濟狀況造成很大的影響。 第二章主要探討了靈帝朝在政治方面的改革，以及這些改革措施在當時起到的作用和對后世的影響，其中包括設(shè)置“侍中寺”，實行“三互法”，鐫刻“熹平石經(jīng)”，創(chuàng)立“鴻都門學”。這些改革旨在整頓吏治，新辟取士途徑，但并沒有取得預期的效果。 第三章從靈帝時期一個重要的事件“賣官”來看靈帝朝的財政措施。買賣官爵并非始于靈帝，卻在這一時期達到空前規(guī)模，這與當時特定的政治經(jīng)濟狀況分不開，并不能僅僅歸咎于靈帝或者宦官的個人品質(zhì)。這樣大規(guī)模的賣官其后果是嚴重的，它大大加快了東漢王朝走向滅亡的步伐。 第四章為全文的結(jié)語部分，就本文研究所得作了概括，并就漢靈帝時代對后世的影響作了簡要的論析。 本文對靈帝統(tǒng)治時期在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等各方面的舉措進行了探討，旨在尋覓魏晉時期政治制度、社會思想諸領(lǐng)域所發(fā)生的若干重大變化的源頭。如果能達到預期的目的，相信對深入理解漢魏之際的變化不無裨益。
[Abstract]:The last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty was a great change in the ancient Chinese society. On the eve of the great change, many new trends of thought and new fashions of the Wei and Jin dynasties sprang up in this period. From the first year of Jianning (168) to the sixth year of Zhongping (1899), Han Ling reigned 22 years. During his reign, the eunuchs developed to the summit, and the government was exceptionally dark. In the late period, the situation of warlordism gradually formed, and the Qiang nationality, Xianbei nationality, Wuhuan and the minority nationalities in the southwest border area rebelled constantly. The Yellow towel uprising that broke out in Zhongping's first year (184) was another blow to the dying Eastern Han Dynasty. But the Emperor was not willing to be a late emperor, and he took steps to try to save the dynasty. The first chapter introduces the political and economic situation of the Eastern Han Dynasty before the reign of the Emperor Ling, and points out that the Eastern Han Dynasty was faced with a serious situation of external worries and internal troubles at that time. At the same time, the peasant uprisings intensified the ruling crisis. This period was also a period of natural disasters, which had a great impact on the economic situation of the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty. The second chapter mainly discusses the political reform of the Lingdi Dynasty, as well as the role of these reform measures at that time and the impact on later generations. It includes setting up "Shizhong Temple", carrying out "three mutual laws", engraving "Xi Ping Shi Jing", and establishing "Hongdu Menxue". These reforms are aimed at rectifying the administration of officials and opening up new ways of obtaining scholars, but they have not achieved the expected results. The third chapter looks at the financial measures of the Lingdi Dynasty from the perspective of an important event in the Lingdi period, "selling officials". The purchase and sale of official barons did not start with the emperor, but they reached an unprecedented scale during this period, which was inseparable from the specific political and economic conditions at that time. It is not only the personal qualities of the gods or eunuchs that can be blamed. The consequences of selling officials on such a large scale are serious, which greatly accelerated the death of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The fourth chapter is the conclusion of this paper, and briefly analyzes the influence of Emperor Han Dynasty on later generations. This paper probes into the political, economic and cultural measures taken during the reign of the Emperor in order to find the source of some major changes in the political system and social ideology in the Wei and Jin dynasties. I believe that in-depth understanding of the time of the Han and Wei changes is not unhelpful.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K234.2

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