本文選題：元朝　切入點：俸祿制度　出處：《中國社會科學院研究生院》2003年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 俸祿，通常是統治者根據所任官吏責權的大小，對其進行個人消費品分配的一種形式。俸祿的表現形式一般為貨幣與實物，輔以叫土地和勞動力等，是官吏的主要生活來源。它與字爵制度大體相對應，有爵才頒祿，有官即給俸；俸祿的等級數額與爵位的等級、品秩系列相對應并隨著后者的變動而變動。 元朝的俸祿制度是在官制、貨幣制度利財政稅收制度建立和完善的過程中，吸收歷代統治經驗逐步建立起來的。元世祖時官吏已按品階支取俸祿，經過多次整合利調整，至元二十二年建立比較完備的俸祿體系，以后俸祿支付方式的變化基本上以此為基礎。元朝官吏的俸祿由俸鈔、職田、俸米組成，支付方式以俸錢為主，以祿米和職田作為補充形式。朝官領取傣錢和俸米，外官領取俸錢和占有職田。內外各衙門的吏員俸祿與朝官相同。其中比較特別的是行省、宣慰司以及行臺的官員，他們除了俸錢外，既無職田，，也無俸米。俸祿的貨幣化表明，元朝的俸祿制度已向專業(yè)化、成熟化方向發(fā)展，成為我國俸祿制度發(fā)展史上一個階段性標志。職田制度發(fā)展到元朝，已經成為比較成熟、完備的政策，它在穩(wěn)定官員收入、減少國家貨幣支出、降低通貨膨脹率等方面起著一定的積極作用。傣米是在物價上漲已嚴重影響官吏生活水平的情況下政府所采取的補救措施。嚴格意義上說，元朝官吏的俸祿支付形式是：朝官、吏為俸錢，外官為俸錢與職田。地方官員普遍頒給職田，以補充在幣值不穩(wěn)定時官員的俸祿收入。武官俸祿依軍隊性質利所駐守地區(qū)不同而異。怯薛作為特權階層，他們不依品支俸，一切開支由官府負擔，由宣徽院按月支給，后來有所變化。元朝的致仕金制度基本因循了金朝的規(guī)定，但也有自己的特色。 元朝官吏的支偉范圍可分為三大體系：朝官與吏、外任有職田官員、軍隊系統，他們分別實施不同的俸祿標準。朝官利軍隊官員的俸錢，由國家財政直接負擔，按月支付，地方官員的俸錢，從行省上繳中央的財賦中預扣，每月按支俸標準發(fā)放。 綜觀元朝的俸祿制度，它的內發(fā)展歷程也反映了元朝總體經濟階段性的差異和興衰。不同發(fā)展時期的俸祿管理政策、俸祿結構、俸祿水平與支付形式各有自己的特點。
[Abstract]:"salary, usually a form in which the ruler allocates his personal consumer goods according to the size of the official's duty. The expression of the salary is generally monetary and material, supplemented by land and labor." It is the main source of life of officials. It is generally corresponding to the system of the word viscount, only when there is a viscount, the salary is given to the official; the amount of the rank of salary corresponds to and changes with the change of the rank of the rank and the series of the rank of the product. The salary and salary system of the Yuan Dynasty was gradually established in the process of establishing and perfecting the official system, the monetary system and the fiscal and taxation system, absorbing the ruling experience of the past dynasties. A relatively complete salary system was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and the changes in the way of paying salaries were basically based on it. The salaries of officials in the Yuan Dynasty were made up of banknotes, fields, and rice, and the payment was mainly based on salaries. Take Lumi and Voting Tian as supplementary forms. The Korean officials receive Dai money and the salary rice, the foreign officials receive the salary money and occupy the occupation farmland. The salaries and salaries of the officials inside and outside the government offices are the same as those of the Korean officials. Among them, the more special officials are the provinces, the consolation departments, and the officials in the line of business. Their monetization of neither field nor salary shows that the salary system of the Yuan Dynasty has developed in the direction of specialization and maturity. It has become a stage mark in the history of the development of the salaries and salaries system in China. When the vocational field system developed into the Yuan Dynasty, it has become a relatively mature and complete policy. It is stabilizing the income of officials and reducing the national monetary expenditure. Dai rice is a remedial measure taken by the government when the price rise has seriously affected the living standard of the officials. Strictly speaking, the salary payment of the officials in the Yuan Dynasty is in the form of: the government officials. Local officials were generally awarded to the field in order to supplement the salaries income of the officials when the value of the currency was unstable. The salaries of the military attache varied according to the nature of the army and their garrisons. Xue was regarded as a privileged class. They do not rely on their salaries, all expenses are borne by the government, by the Xuanhui Institute by the month to pay, and then changed. The Yuan Dynasty's system of official gold basically in accordance with the provisions of the Jin Dynasty, but also has its own characteristics. The scope of government officials in the Yuan Dynasty can be divided into three major systems: the officials and officials of the Yuan Dynasty, the officials in the field outside the post, and the military system, which respectively implement different standards of salaries and salaries. The salaries and money of the military officials of the Korean government and the benefit of the military are directly borne by the state finance and paid monthly. The salaries and money of local officials are withheld from the central government funds handed over to the central government by the provincial government, and are paid monthly in accordance with the pension standard. Looking at the salary system of the Yuan Dynasty, its internal development course also reflects the difference and rise and fall of the overall economic stage of the Yuan Dynasty. The management policy, the structure, the level and the form of payment of the salary in different development periods have their own characteristics.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：K247

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 萬琪;明朝文官俸祿探析[D];蘇州大學;2011年

本文編號：1644439