本文選題：國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室　切入點(diǎn)：行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界,國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力越來(lái)越依賴于原始性創(chuàng)新而產(chǎn)生顛覆性技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)化�？茖W(xué)探索對(duì)大型科學(xué)儀器設(shè)施及團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作的依賴越來(lái)越強(qiáng),使得科學(xué)進(jìn)入了大規(guī)模、高投入、跨學(xué)科的大科學(xué)時(shí)代。二戰(zhàn)以后不論在自由市場(chǎng)還是計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的背景下,根據(jù)國(guó)家在軍事和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的重大需求,由國(guó)家組織建設(shè)大型科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,進(jìn)而建構(gòu)大規(guī)模、跨學(xué)科的科學(xué)研究中心或國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室,成為一種對(duì)于國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)均具有戰(zhàn)略意義的制度安排�！笆舜蟆币詠�(lái)中國(guó)國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)已經(jīng)作為創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和建設(shè)科技強(qiáng)國(guó)的重要“抓手”,對(duì)其展開理論與實(shí)踐的探索具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)外國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)和發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究,以及中國(guó)國(guó)立研究機(jī)構(gòu)的早期發(fā)展進(jìn)行梳理,運(yùn)用行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念和方法對(duì)國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行了初步探討,并對(duì)“哈長(zhǎng)”地區(qū)國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)的必要性和可能性進(jìn)行分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室在不同的國(guó)家采取的方式盡管不盡相同,但均具有以國(guó)家目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向、以大科學(xué)裝置為依托、多學(xué)科、跨學(xué)科領(lǐng)域協(xié)同創(chuàng)新的共性特征。從行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)的視角看,國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室是一個(gè)由政府、大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)、大型科學(xué)裝置、企業(yè)和社會(huì)資本以等人類與非人類行動(dòng)者建構(gòu)的行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在中國(guó)的政策語(yǔ)境下,未來(lái)中國(guó)的國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室應(yīng)該具有國(guó)家目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的跨學(xué)科原始創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)、國(guó)際化的科學(xué)研究平臺(tái)(或中心)、協(xié)同創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)、科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)據(jù)共享平臺(tái)以及人才招募和聚集平臺(tái)的功能。哈長(zhǎng)城市群建設(shè)作為國(guó)家“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的重要部分,要打造東北亞最具核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和重要影響力的城市群、成為東北老工業(yè)基地的重要增長(zhǎng)極,必須依靠重大科技創(chuàng)新和戰(zhàn)略新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。政府首先要辨識(shí)到創(chuàng)辦國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室?guī)?lái)的機(jī)遇,循序漸進(jìn)地展開國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室的建設(shè);城市、高校、研究機(jī)構(gòu)展開協(xié)作,形成多學(xué)科、跨部門的科技資源共享平臺(tái);依托區(qū)域內(nèi)大科學(xué)裝置的建造,打造國(guó)際化科研特區(qū)和生活社區(qū),最終形成以大型科學(xué)裝置為基礎(chǔ)的國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室。并與區(qū)域內(nèi)其他各類科研機(jī)構(gòu)、大學(xué)、企業(yè)研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)等形成功能互補(bǔ)、良性互動(dòng)的協(xié)同創(chuàng)新格局。
[Abstract]:In today's world, the competitiveness of a country is becoming more and more dependent on primitive innovation, which results in disruptive technology and its industrialization. Scientific exploration relies more and more on large-scale scientific instruments and teamwork, which makes science enter into a large scale and high investment. After World War II, under the background of free market or planned economy, according to the great military and economic needs of the country, the state organized the construction of large-scale scientific infrastructure, and then constructed a large scale. Interdisciplinary scientific research centres or national laboratories, It has become a kind of system arrangement of strategic significance for national economy and society. Since the "18" Congress, the construction of Chinese national laboratory has become an important "grasping hand" for the strategy of innovation-driven development and the construction of a powerful country in science and technology. The exploration of theory and practice is of great theoretical and practical significance. As well as the early development of Chinese national research institutions, the concept and method of actor network are used to preliminarily discuss the national laboratory. It also analyzes the necessity and possibility of the construction of national laboratories in the "Kazakh" region. The study shows that although the methods adopted by national laboratories in different countries are different, they are all guided by national objectives. The common features of collaborative innovation in a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary field based on large scientific devices. From the perspective of a network of actors, the National Laboratory is a large scientific installation by governments, universities and research institutions, Enterprise and social capital are based on the network of actors constructed by human and non-human actors. In the context of China's policy, the future national laboratory of China should have an interdisciplinary original innovation platform oriented by national goals. The function of internationalized scientific research platform (or center), collaborative innovation platform, scientific experiment and data sharing platform and talent recruitment and agglomeration platform. To create the most core competitiveness and important influence of Northeast Asia's urban agglomeration, become an important growth pole of the old industrial base in Northeast Asia. We must rely on major scientific and technological innovations and strategic emerging industries. The government must first identify the opportunities brought about by the establishment of national laboratories and carry out the construction of national laboratories step by step; cities, colleges and universities, and research institutions should collaborate to form a multi-disciplinary system. A platform for sharing scientific and technological resources across departments; building international scientific research zones and living communities, relying on the construction of large scientific facilities in the region; and finally forming a national laboratory based on large scientific devices, and with other kinds of scientific research institutions in the region, Universities, enterprises, R & D institutions and other forms of complementary functions, benign interaction of collaborative innovation pattern.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G322.2

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