馬歇爾計(jì)劃與遏制政策
發(fā)布時間:2021-03-19 20:04
二戰(zhàn)中,作為盟國兵工廠的美國,出現(xiàn)了戰(zhàn)時經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。戰(zhàn)后,美國與前蘇聯(lián)在意識形態(tài)以及戰(zhàn)略利益等領(lǐng)域的沖突愈演愈烈。1947年3月12日,美國總統(tǒng)杜魯門在致國會的關(guān)于援助希臘和土耳其的咨文中,提出了以“遏制共產(chǎn)主義”作為國家對外政策指導(dǎo)思想,宣布蘇聯(lián)是美國的主要敵人,美國對外政策的主要目標(biāo)是支持各國“自由”的人民,“遏制”蘇聯(lián)的擴(kuò)張。這一被稱為“杜魯門主義”的咨義成為了美國對外政策的重大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。 美國認(rèn)為,為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),迫切需要使被戰(zhàn)爭嚴(yán)重削弱的西歐國家實(shí)力迅速恢復(fù),以頂住來自前蘇聯(lián)和東歐各國的威脅,擺脫這些國家受共產(chǎn)黨和前蘇聯(lián)控制的潛在危險。因此,在“杜魯門主義”提出三個月之后,以復(fù)興歐洲為內(nèi)容的馬歇爾計(jì)劃接次出臺。這一計(jì)劃成為了美國政府實(shí)施對蘇遏制政策的首次嘗試,標(biāo)志著美蘇兩國由戰(zhàn)時的盟國變?yōu)榱藨?zhàn)后的敵國。 作為二戰(zhàn)后美國爭奪全球戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)——?dú)W洲的擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃,“馬歇爾計(jì)劃”是戰(zhàn)后美國對外經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)援助成功的范例,它為北大西洋公約組織和歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體的建立奠定了基礎(chǔ),對西歐的聯(lián)合和經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)起了促進(jìn)作用,同時,也緩和了美國國內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。 本文著重從“馬歇爾計(jì)劃”...
【文章來源】:對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)北京市 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】:61 頁
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【文章目錄】:
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose and scope of the thesis
1.2 Literature review
1.3 Methodology
1.4 Outline of the thesis
Chapter 2. Historical background of the Marshall Plan
2.1 European Situation
2.1.1 Western Europe
2.1.2 Former Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries
2.2 American Domestic Situation
2.2.1 Formation of the Containment Policy
2.2.2 Declaration of the Truman Doctrine
2.2.3 Introduction of the Marshall Plan
Chapter 3. Contents and Implementation of the Marshall Plan
3.1 George C. Marshall
3.2 Contents of the Marshall Plan
3.3 Implementation of the Marshall Plan
Chapter 4. Impacts of the Marshall Plan
4.1 Impacts on the Internal Situation of the United States
4.2 Impacts on the International Community
4.2.1 Impacts on Western Europe
4.2.2 Impacts on Former Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries
4.3 Impacts on the Pattern of the Contemporary International Relations
Chapter 5. Conclusion
Bibliography
本文編號:3090148
【文章來源】:對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)北京市 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】:61 頁
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【文章目錄】:
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose and scope of the thesis
1.2 Literature review
1.3 Methodology
1.4 Outline of the thesis
Chapter 2. Historical background of the Marshall Plan
2.1 European Situation
2.1.1 Western Europe
2.1.2 Former Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries
2.2 American Domestic Situation
2.2.1 Formation of the Containment Policy
2.2.2 Declaration of the Truman Doctrine
2.2.3 Introduction of the Marshall Plan
Chapter 3. Contents and Implementation of the Marshall Plan
3.1 George C. Marshall
3.2 Contents of the Marshall Plan
3.3 Implementation of the Marshall Plan
Chapter 4. Impacts of the Marshall Plan
4.1 Impacts on the Internal Situation of the United States
4.2 Impacts on the International Community
4.2.1 Impacts on Western Europe
4.2.2 Impacts on Former Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries
4.3 Impacts on the Pattern of the Contemporary International Relations
Chapter 5. Conclusion
Bibliography
本文編號:3090148
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