【摘要】： 北美殖民地時(shí)代的白人契約工,是特定歷史條件下產(chǎn)生的特殊移民群體,也是殖民地早期移民的重要組成部分,他們?cè)诒泵乐趁竦氐拈_發(fā)與建設(shè)中起到了極其重要的作用。本文試圖對(duì)該特殊移民群體的概念界定、出現(xiàn)、發(fā)展、形成、群體特點(diǎn)及其對(duì)北美殖民地的影響進(jìn)行初步的分析與研究,希冀可以對(duì)北美早期研究提供借鑒和補(bǔ)充。本文分為三部分:引言、正文和結(jié)語(yǔ)。正文又包括三部分。 引言部分,主要介紹本文的選題依據(jù)、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究狀況、研究方法、寫作目的和不足之處等。 正文由三部分組成: 第一部分,著重對(duì)白人契約工的概念進(jìn)行界定,并從其制度的歷史沿革、產(chǎn)生的時(shí)代背景和來自的社會(huì)階層,以及他們?cè)诒泵乐趁竦氐姆傻匚缓蜕鐣?huì)地位五方面來論證該移民的“非奴隸”特征。 第二部分,以“推拉理論”分析了白人契約工移民的原因,并介紹了其移民潮在北美殖民地的興起與衰落的歷程。隨著種植園規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大,殖民地對(duì)白人契約工勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量需求增大,由此導(dǎo)致17世紀(jì)后半葉契約工移民潮的興起與發(fā)展;后來,黑人奴隸取代白人契約工成為種植園的主要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力,致使該移民潮衰退,并出現(xiàn)了新的特點(diǎn)。 第三部分,以英國(guó)白人契約工為例,重點(diǎn)分析該移民群體的年齡、性別、移入地和季節(jié)性特點(diǎn)。契約工移民的年齡主要集中在15-25歲,以青壯年為主;契約工移民男女性別比例失調(diào),以男性為主;契約工在空間上表現(xiàn)為移居地相對(duì)集中,不同地區(qū)不同時(shí)期集中相對(duì)存在;契約工移民在時(shí)間上表現(xiàn)為季節(jié)性特點(diǎn),各個(gè)月份移民狀況不同。 結(jié)語(yǔ)部分總結(jié)全文,指出白人契約工移民與奴隸的不同,并簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)析了他們對(duì)于美利堅(jiān)民族形成和北美早期開發(fā)的重要意義。
[Abstract]:The white contractors in the colonial era of North America were not only a special group of immigrants under specific historical conditions, but also an important part of the early immigrants of the colonies. They played an extremely important role in the development and construction of colonies in North America. This paper attempts to make a preliminary analysis and study of the concept, emergence, development, formation, group characteristics and its influence on the colonies of North America, hoping to provide reference and supplement for the early study of North America. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The main body consists of three parts. The introduction mainly introduces the basis of this paper, research status at home and abroad, research methods, writing purpose and shortcomings, and so on. The main body consists of three parts: the first part focuses on defining the concept of white contractual workers, and demonstrates the "non-slave" characteristics of the immigrants from five aspects: the historical evolution of their system, the background of the times and the social strata from which they came from, as well as their legal and social status in the North American colonies. The second part, with the "push-pull theory", analyzes the reasons for the emigration of white contractual workers, and introduces the rise and decline of the wave of immigrants in the North American colonies. With the continuous expansion of the scale of the plantation, the colonial demand for the number of white contractual workers increased, which led to the rise and development of the migration tide of the contract workers in the second half of the 17th century. Later, black slaves replaced the white contractual workers as the main labor force of the plantations, resulting in the decline of the migration tide and the emergence of new characteristics. The third part, taking the British white contractor as an example, focuses on the age, gender, immigration and seasonal characteristics of the migrant group. The age of contract worker migration is mainly 15 times 25 years old, mainly young and middle-aged people; the gender ratio of contract worker immigration is imbalance between men and women, mainly male; the contract worker is relatively concentrated in space, and exists relatively in different regions and different periods; the contract worker migration is seasonal in time, and the immigration situation is different in each month. The conclusion summarizes the full text, points out the differences between white contractor immigrants and slaves, and briefly comments on their significance for the formation of the American nation and the early development of North America.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5

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