【摘要】： 在從亨利八世宗教改革到16世紀(jì)80年代伊麗莎白一世統(tǒng)治的中晚期這段歷史時期,英國中央政府為加強(qiáng)對地方城市社會的統(tǒng)治,采取分權(quán)政策,在地方廣建自治城市。但從16世紀(jì)90年代開始,出于加強(qiáng)對自治城市政府控制的需要,中央政府對地方城市的統(tǒng)治政策開始由分權(quán)向集權(quán)過渡,這使得二者關(guān)系中相沖突的一面到17世紀(jì)斯圖亞特王朝時期日益突出。從中央政府地方統(tǒng)治的角度看,斯圖亞特王朝中央政府與地方城市政治關(guān)系大體上分權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)和權(quán)力主體兩個層次展開。在權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)層次上,中央政府與地方城市政治關(guān)系以自治特許狀為中心;在權(quán)力主體的層次上,兩者關(guān)系則集中在地方市政官員效忠對象的取向上。 從地方城市的角度看,地方因素對中央政府與地方城市的政治關(guān)系也有著直接的影響,本文集中選取了城市地方主義和地方城市的主動性兩個方面對此進(jìn)行說明。上述兩個不同角度的考察表明,英國斯圖亞特王朝中央政府與地方自治城市政府政治關(guān)系的演進(jìn)是中央與地方雙重因素共同作用的結(jié)果。 盡管17世紀(jì)英國中央政府對地方城市政治控制的加強(qiáng)導(dǎo)致二者關(guān)系的緊張面相對突出,但這并不意味著二者之間存在著根本上的對立關(guān)系。中央與地方城市之間也存在著政治協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。對此,本文從三個方面進(jìn)行論述,即約束民眾政治的共同的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要、地方官員的國家意識和對中央政府的認(rèn)同感以及地方貴族在城市與中央政府之間的政治調(diào)解作用。 通過上述考察,本文提出,對于中央政府而言,穩(wěn)定地方統(tǒng)治的關(guān)鍵不在于確立對地方城市的絕對控制,而在于保持與地方城市之權(quán)力關(guān)系的適當(dāng)均衡和中央與地方因素的有效結(jié)合。在17世紀(jì)斯圖亞特王朝統(tǒng)治之下的英國,由于中央政府地方統(tǒng)治手段的有限性,這也就意味著地方精英對中央與地方城市政治關(guān)系積極和主動的參與。近代早期英國民族國家中央與地方社會一體化發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵即在于此。
[Abstract]:In the period of the middle and late period from the reformation of Henry VIII to the reign of Elizabeth I in the 1980s, the central government of the United Kingdom has adopted a decentralized policy to build an autonomous city in the local area in order to strengthen the rule of local urban society. But from the beginning of the 1990s, in order to strengthen the need for government control of the self-governing city, the central government began to transition from the power of power to the centralization of the local city, which made the conflict between the two relations become more and more prominent in the 17 th century. From the point of view of the central government's local rule, the political relationship between the central government of the Stuart dynasty and the local city is divided into two levels: the power structure and the power main body. At the level of power structure, the political relations between the central government and the local city are centered on the self-government, and at the level of the power subject, the relationship between the central government and the local city is focused on the orientation of the loyalty of the local municipal officials. From the point of view of the local city, the local factors have a direct impact on the political relations between the central government and the local cities, and the paper focuses on the two aspects of the city's regionalism and the initiative of the local city. The study of the two different angles shows that the evolution of the political relations between the central government and the local self-government is the central and local double factor. The result of the same effect. Although the strengthening of the political control of the local city by the central government in the 17th century has led to the relative protrusion of the tension between the two, it does not mean that both There's a fundamentally opposite relationship. It's central and local. There is also a political coordination relationship between the cities. In this context, the paper discusses three aspects, namely, the common reality of the restraint of the people's politics, the national consciousness of the local officials and the identity of the central government, and the local nobles in the city and the city. Through the above-mentioned investigation, the key to the stability of local rule in the central government is to establish the absolute control of the local city, and to maintain the power of the local city. The proper balance of relations and the effective combination of the central and local factors. The active and active participation of the central and local urban political relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：K561.33

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 孫宏偉;論英國地方自治的發(fā)展與變革[D];青海民族大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：2508214