【摘要】：隨著美國城市化的迅速擴(kuò)展,到二十世紀(jì)初期,許多大、中城市發(fā)展停滯,各種社會矛盾突顯,這嚴(yán)重影響其城市的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。二戰(zhàn)后,美國政府采取了許多行政干預(yù)政策,對涉及城市發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、環(huán)境等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了全方位的調(diào)整。通過政府的一番努力,社會矛盾得到了緩解,城市環(huán)境有了較大的改善,城市又恢復(fù)了往日的活力,各地呈現(xiàn)出一派欣欣向榮的景象。 本文主要分為三部分。 第一部分介紹美國城市化發(fā)展的概況。首先,簡單回顧了近代美國城市化發(fā)展的過程及特點(diǎn),主要包括萌芽、發(fā)展和初步擴(kuò)展這三個(gè)階段。在這一時(shí)期,美國現(xiàn)代城市格局基本形成。其次,重點(diǎn)介紹了二戰(zhàn)后美國城市發(fā)展經(jīng)歷的并行發(fā)展和郊區(qū)深入擴(kuò)展這兩個(gè)階段。這是美國城市在空間上取得的一個(gè)重要突破。 第二部分論述了美國政府的各項(xiàng)城市政策。主要有中心城市的住房政策、扶貧政策、社區(qū)開發(fā)政策等,在郊區(qū)實(shí)施的住宅分區(qū)政策、金融政策等,西部、南部的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、工業(yè)扶持政策、科技教育政策等。 第三部分對美國政府城市政策的評價(jià)。首先是從對經(jīng)濟(jì)、城市繁榮和人民生活水平的積極影響方面進(jìn)行評析。其次分析了該政策在實(shí)施過程中存在的諸多問題,例如種族、環(huán)境和貧富分化等問題。
[Abstract]:With the rapid expansion of urbanization in the United States, by the early 20th century, the development of many large and medium-sized cities stagnated, and various social contradictions were highlighted, which seriously affected the further development of their cities. After World War II, the American government adopted many administrative intervention policies, and adjusted the economic, social, environmental and other fields related to urban development in an all-round way. Through the efforts of the government, the social contradictions have been alleviated, the urban environment has been greatly improved, the city has restored the vitality of the past, and various places have shown a prosperous scene. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the general situation of urbanization development in the United States. First of all, this paper briefly reviews the process and characteristics of urbanization in modern America, including germination, development and preliminary expansion. During this period, the modern urban pattern in the United States was basically formed. Secondly, it focuses on the parallel development of American urban development after World War II and the in-depth expansion of suburbs. This is an important breakthrough in space in American cities. The second part discusses the urban policies of the American government. There are mainly housing policies, poverty alleviation policies, community development policies, housing zoning policies, financial policies, infrastructure construction in the west and south, industrial support policies, science and technology education policies and so on. The third part is the evaluation of the urban policy of the American government. The first is to evaluate the positive impact on the economy, urban prosperity and people's living standards. Secondly, it analyzes many problems existing in the implementation of the policy, such as race, environment and the differentiation of rich and poor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K712.54

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本文編號：2492559