巴林王國(guó)政治民主化進(jìn)程研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-03 22:16
【摘要】：巴林王國(guó)地處海灣，國(guó)土面積狹小，由于地理位置優(yōu)越，歷史上曾長(zhǎng)期遭受外來(lái)勢(shì)力的殖民。18世紀(jì)哈利法家族進(jìn)駐以后，巴林民族國(guó)家實(shí)體逐漸成型，但其對(duì)現(xiàn)代政治體制的構(gòu)建直到英國(guó)殖民統(tǒng)治時(shí)期才真正開(kāi)啟。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，中東地區(qū)迎來(lái)持續(xù)近半個(gè)世紀(jì)的民族主義運(yùn)動(dòng)和民族國(guó)家建立的浪潮，在此背景下，巴林于20世紀(jì)70年代擺脫英國(guó)殖民統(tǒng)治，走上獨(dú)立探索經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化和政治民主化的發(fā)展道路。 自薩勒曼酋長(zhǎng)時(shí)代開(kāi)始，以哈利法家族為主體的巴林政府為變革傳統(tǒng)君主專(zhuān)制政體以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展要求，在政治領(lǐng)域自上而下推行民主制改革。政府相繼頒布1973年憲法、《國(guó)家行動(dòng)憲章》和2002年憲法；組建兩院制國(guó)民議會(huì)；推行議會(huì)和市政選舉；給予部分什葉派政治組織以合法地位。以改善國(guó)內(nèi)政治環(huán)境為目的的改革措施在一定程度上推動(dòng)了巴林憲政、代議制和政黨政治的發(fā)展，使其成為海灣其他威權(quán)主義國(guó)家在政治現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)上的典范。 巴林的政治民主化進(jìn)程屬于后發(fā)外源型政治民主化。作為傳統(tǒng)的阿拉伯—伊斯蘭國(guó)家，其政治體制深受部落家長(zhǎng)制觀念、伊斯蘭宗教與政治文化的影響，政治運(yùn)作模式中的威權(quán)主義和政教合一特征明顯。因此，巴林政治民主化的發(fā)展始終是統(tǒng)治家族與普通民眾、什葉派與遜尼派、傳統(tǒng)意識(shí)形態(tài)與現(xiàn)代意識(shí)形態(tài)之間相互妥協(xié)的產(chǎn)物。 傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代、宗教與世俗、專(zhuān)制與民主之間的激烈碰撞和沖突始終貫穿巴林的政治民主化進(jìn)程。政教分離難以實(shí)現(xiàn)，民選政府難以完全取代家族權(quán)威都是巴林政治發(fā)展長(zhǎng)期面臨的困境。如何處理政治轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期爆發(fā)的各類(lèi)沖突，弱化社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型帶來(lái)的社會(huì)震蕩效應(yīng)，如何在保持傳統(tǒng)的同時(shí)適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，保障專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治向民主政治的平穩(wěn)過(guò)渡不僅是哈利法家族未來(lái)所要解決的難題，也是值得其他君主制國(guó)家深思的重要問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The Kingdom of Bahrain is located in the Gulf and has a narrow territory. Because of its superior geographical position, it has been colonized by foreign forces for a long time in history. After the emplacement of the Khalifa family in the 18th century, Bahrain's nation-state entity gradually took shape. But its construction of modern political system did not really open until the period of British colonial rule. After the end of World War II, the Middle East ushered in a wave of nationalist movement and nation-state establishment for nearly half a century. Under this background, Bahrain got rid of British colonial rule in the 1970s. Embark on the independent exploration of economic modernization and political democratization of the road of development. Since the era of Chief Salman, the Bahrain government, with the Khalifa family as the main body, has carried out democratic reform in the political field in order to change the traditional autocratic monarchy in order to meet the requirements of modernization. The government promulgated the 1973 Constitution, the National Action Charter and the 2002 Constitution; formed a bicameral National Assembly; promoted parliamentary and municipal elections; and gave legal status to some Shiite political organizations. To a certain extent, the reform measures aimed at improving the domestic political environment have promoted the development of constitutional government, representative system and party politics in Bahrain, making it a model for other authoritarian countries in the Gulf in the construction of political modernization. The process of political democratization in Bahrain belongs to the late-originated political democratization. As a traditional Arab-Islamic country, its political system is deeply influenced by the concept of tribal patriarchal system, Islamic religion and political culture, and the characteristics of authoritarianism and the unity of politics and religion in the political operation mode are obvious. Therefore, the development of political democratization in Bahrain has always been the product of compromise between ruling families and ordinary people, Shiites and Sunnis, traditional ideology and modern ideology. The fierce collision and conflict between tradition and modern, religion and secular, autocracy and democracy always run through the process of political democratization in Bahrain. It is difficult for Bahrain's political development to realize the separation of government and religion, and it is difficult for elected government to completely replace family authority. How to deal with all kinds of conflicts that break out in the period of political transformation, weaken the social shock effect brought about by social transformation, and how to adapt to modern society while maintaining the tradition. Ensuring the smooth transition from autocratic rule to democratic politics is not only a difficult problem to be solved by the Khalifa family in the future, but also an important issue worthy of deep consideration by other monarchy countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K386
本文編號(hào)：2492262
[Abstract]:The Kingdom of Bahrain is located in the Gulf and has a narrow territory. Because of its superior geographical position, it has been colonized by foreign forces for a long time in history. After the emplacement of the Khalifa family in the 18th century, Bahrain's nation-state entity gradually took shape. But its construction of modern political system did not really open until the period of British colonial rule. After the end of World War II, the Middle East ushered in a wave of nationalist movement and nation-state establishment for nearly half a century. Under this background, Bahrain got rid of British colonial rule in the 1970s. Embark on the independent exploration of economic modernization and political democratization of the road of development. Since the era of Chief Salman, the Bahrain government, with the Khalifa family as the main body, has carried out democratic reform in the political field in order to change the traditional autocratic monarchy in order to meet the requirements of modernization. The government promulgated the 1973 Constitution, the National Action Charter and the 2002 Constitution; formed a bicameral National Assembly; promoted parliamentary and municipal elections; and gave legal status to some Shiite political organizations. To a certain extent, the reform measures aimed at improving the domestic political environment have promoted the development of constitutional government, representative system and party politics in Bahrain, making it a model for other authoritarian countries in the Gulf in the construction of political modernization. The process of political democratization in Bahrain belongs to the late-originated political democratization. As a traditional Arab-Islamic country, its political system is deeply influenced by the concept of tribal patriarchal system, Islamic religion and political culture, and the characteristics of authoritarianism and the unity of politics and religion in the political operation mode are obvious. Therefore, the development of political democratization in Bahrain has always been the product of compromise between ruling families and ordinary people, Shiites and Sunnis, traditional ideology and modern ideology. The fierce collision and conflict between tradition and modern, religion and secular, autocracy and democracy always run through the process of political democratization in Bahrain. It is difficult for Bahrain's political development to realize the separation of government and religion, and it is difficult for elected government to completely replace family authority. How to deal with all kinds of conflicts that break out in the period of political transformation, weaken the social shock effect brought about by social transformation, and how to adapt to modern society while maintaining the tradition. Ensuring the smooth transition from autocratic rule to democratic politics is not only a difficult problem to be solved by the Khalifa family in the future, but also an important issue worthy of deep consideration by other monarchy countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K386
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 王林聰;論中東伊斯蘭國(guó)家民主化及其前景[J];西亞非洲;2004年02期
2 王林聰;論伊斯蘭教與民主之間不確定的關(guān)系[J];西亞非洲;2005年05期
，本文編號(hào)：2492262
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