東北德意志日耳曼化研究（12-14世紀(jì)）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-03 21:58
【摘要】：10-14世紀(jì),在人口、土地、商業(yè)、宗教等因素的作用下,日耳曼人在東方進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模殖民擴(kuò)張活動(dòng),殖民痕跡遍及中東歐各個(gè)角落,導(dǎo)致許多地區(qū)在不同程度上被日耳曼化,東北德意志則是日耳曼化最為深刻的地區(qū)。12-14世紀(jì),日耳曼人的殖民擴(kuò)張達(dá)到高潮,這一時(shí)期的殖民活動(dòng)所導(dǎo)致的最主要后果便是易北河到波羅的海東岸之間的地區(qū)被全面日耳曼化,從而為近代德國(guó)版圖的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ)。雖然子在兩個(gè)多世紀(jì)的日耳曼化進(jìn)程中夾雜有流血沖突及民族歧視,但先進(jìn)的日耳曼和基督教文明隨著德意志移民的涌入與開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)最終永久性地改變了東北德意志的文明發(fā)展軌跡,原本落后、荒涼的東北德意志在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、種族、文化等方面被打上了深刻的日耳曼烙印。東北德意志的日耳曼化對(duì)德意志政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了深刻影響，，并為后來(lái)中東歐國(guó)際關(guān)系的演變埋下了伏筆。 本文正文分為五個(gè)部分： 第一部分介紹東北德意志日耳曼化的前提——中世紀(jì)盛期日耳曼人向東方的擴(kuò)張與征服。12世紀(jì)以后,德意志社會(huì)在各個(gè)方面都發(fā)生了明顯的變化,在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、諸侯崛起以及宗教擴(kuò)張的刺激下,德意志教俗封建主掀起東侵狂潮,他們以強(qiáng)大的軍事實(shí)力為后盾,以大批移民的跟進(jìn)為保證,以武力征服了易北河以東廣大地區(qū),確立了日耳曼人的統(tǒng)治地位,為該地以后的殖民建設(shè)與日日耳曼化奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分論述東北德意志在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的日耳曼化。隨著軍事征服的勝利,日耳曼貴族、教會(huì)人員及大批來(lái)自于德意志和低地國(guó)家的中下層移民大量涌入東北德意志,一批批按照日耳曼法建立起來(lái)的鄉(xiāng)村與城鎮(zhèn)隨之出現(xiàn)。同時(shí),日耳曼農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)與土地形式傳入殖民區(qū)域,東北德意志在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)上被全面日耳曼化。 第三部分探討東北德意志少數(shù)民族的日耳曼化。斯拉夫人和普魯士人是東北德意志的原住民,德意志統(tǒng)治者對(duì)他們采取了不同的統(tǒng)治政策。對(duì)于歸順基督教的斯拉夫人,德意志統(tǒng)治者采取取了安撫、拉攏與同化的政策,斯拉夫人很快取得了與日耳曼人相同的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)及法律地位,并在血緣上被同化。對(duì)于反抗性較強(qiáng)的普魯士人,條頓騎士團(tuán)則采取了分化政策,對(duì)騎士團(tuán)保持忠誠(chéng)的普魯士貴族成為統(tǒng)治階層的一部分并迅速被同化；保持忠誠(chéng)的平民被劃為“自由人”,享有經(jīng)濟(jì)及法律上的特權(quán)并也很快同化；反叛者則降為農(nóng)奴,受日耳曼人的壓迫。但隨著時(shí)間的推移,農(nóng)奴的地位逐漸提高,包括農(nóng)奴在內(nèi)的普魯士人被全部日耳曼化。 第四部分闡述東北德意志在文化方面的日耳曼化。由于德意志教會(huì)勢(shì)力在德意志東進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)以及東北德意志日耳曼化的過(guò)程中扮演了關(guān)鍵角色,因此,東北德意志基督教本身及其傳播帶有鮮明的日耳曼特色。同時(shí),德語(yǔ)的普及與土著語(yǔ)言的消亡、日耳曼文學(xué)與建筑風(fēng)格的傳播也共同促進(jìn)了東北德意志在文化上的日耳曼化轉(zhuǎn)型。 第五部分分析德意志東北部日耳曼化的影響。德意志東北部的日耳曼化對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)德意志的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)等方而造成了深刻的影響。它加劇了德意志的分裂局面、加速了德意志政治重心的東移：對(duì)東北德意志乃至整個(gè)北歐的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)同時(shí)提高了東部農(nóng)民的地位并促進(jìn)了老德意志地區(qū)農(nóng)奴制的瓦解。
[Abstract]:In the 10th to 14th century, under the influence of the factors such as population, land, commerce and religion, the Germanic people carried out large-scale colonial expansion activities in the East, and the colonial marks all over the corners of Central and Eastern Europe, resulting in a lot of areas being Germanic in varying degrees, in the 12th and 14th centuries, the colonial expansion of the Germanic people reached a climax, and the most important consequence of the colonial activities in this period was that the area between the Yi-Bei River and the east coast of the Baltic Sea was completely Germanized, Thus laying a foundation for the formation of the modern German layout. Although there are bloody conflicts and ethnic discrimination in the Germanization process of the two multi-century, the advanced Germanic and Christian civilization, with the influx and development of the German immigrants, have finally changed the civilization development track of the northeast Germany, which was originally backward, The desolate Northeast Germany has been branded with a profound Germanic brand in the political, economic, social, ethnic, cultural, and so on. The German-Germanization of the northeast Germany has a profound influence on the changes of the German political, economic and social structure, and buried the pen for the evolution of the international relations of Central and Eastern Europe. The text of this article is divided into five Part 1: The first part introduces the precondition of the German-Germanization of the northeast Germany _ the expansion and the conquest of the Germanic people in the Middle Ages. After the 12th century, the German society has changed in all respects. Under the stimulus of economic development, the rise of the princes and the expansion of religion, the feudal lord of the German religion set off the tide of the East invasion. They are backed by a strong military power. The following follow-up of a large number of immigrants is the guarantee of the use of force to conquer the vast area of the east of the Yi-Bei River and establish the Germanic people. The dominant position of the land for the post-colonial construction and the day-Germanization of the area The second part deals with the development of the northeast Germany in the society. The Germanization of the economy. With the victory of the military conquests, the Germanic aristocrats, the church staff and a large number of middle-and lower-level immigrants from the German and the lowlands poured into the northeast Germany, and a lot of them were set up according to the Germanic law. The village and the town followed. At the same time, the German agricultural technology and land form were introduced into the colonial region, and the northeast Germany was in the social economy. The third part of the study of the northeast. The Germans of the will of the will of the will of the will of the will of the will of the will of the will. The German rulers took a policy of appeasing, drawing up and assimilating, and the Slavs made the same political and economic and law as the Germanic people. To be assimilated in a blood relationship. For the highly resistant Prussians, the Tidon Cavaliers have adopted a differentiation policy, which is part of the ruling class and is quickly assimilated by the Prussian aristocracy, which remains loyal to the Order, and is classified as a "free man" and enjoys the economy and the law. The privilege of the law is also quickly assimilated; the rebels are reduced to The serfs were oppressed by the Germanic people, but with the passage of time, the status of the serfs was gradually increased, including the serfs. The Prussian was all Germanic. The fourth part set forth the East. The Germanization of the Northern Germany in the cultural respect. Because the German church forces played a key role in the movement of the German East and the German-Germanization of the northeast, the German Christian itself in the north-east At the same time, the popularization of German and the disappearance of the native language, the dissemination of the German literature and the architectural style also promoted the northeast. The Germanic transformation of the German culture in culture. The influence of the Germanization of the northeast of Germany. The Germanization of the north-east of Germany was the result of the German politics. The economic prosperity of the German and even the whole of the Nordic countries has made a great contribution to the economic prosperity of the northeast Germany and the whole of the Nordic countries and the land of the eastern farmers
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K516.31
本文編號(hào)：2492249
[Abstract]:In the 10th to 14th century, under the influence of the factors such as population, land, commerce and religion, the Germanic people carried out large-scale colonial expansion activities in the East, and the colonial marks all over the corners of Central and Eastern Europe, resulting in a lot of areas being Germanic in varying degrees, in the 12th and 14th centuries, the colonial expansion of the Germanic people reached a climax, and the most important consequence of the colonial activities in this period was that the area between the Yi-Bei River and the east coast of the Baltic Sea was completely Germanized, Thus laying a foundation for the formation of the modern German layout. Although there are bloody conflicts and ethnic discrimination in the Germanization process of the two multi-century, the advanced Germanic and Christian civilization, with the influx and development of the German immigrants, have finally changed the civilization development track of the northeast Germany, which was originally backward, The desolate Northeast Germany has been branded with a profound Germanic brand in the political, economic, social, ethnic, cultural, and so on. The German-Germanization of the northeast Germany has a profound influence on the changes of the German political, economic and social structure, and buried the pen for the evolution of the international relations of Central and Eastern Europe. The text of this article is divided into five Part 1: The first part introduces the precondition of the German-Germanization of the northeast Germany _ the expansion and the conquest of the Germanic people in the Middle Ages. After the 12th century, the German society has changed in all respects. Under the stimulus of economic development, the rise of the princes and the expansion of religion, the feudal lord of the German religion set off the tide of the East invasion. They are backed by a strong military power. The following follow-up of a large number of immigrants is the guarantee of the use of force to conquer the vast area of the east of the Yi-Bei River and establish the Germanic people. The dominant position of the land for the post-colonial construction and the day-Germanization of the area The second part deals with the development of the northeast Germany in the society. The Germanization of the economy. With the victory of the military conquests, the Germanic aristocrats, the church staff and a large number of middle-and lower-level immigrants from the German and the lowlands poured into the northeast Germany, and a lot of them were set up according to the Germanic law. The village and the town followed. At the same time, the German agricultural technology and land form were introduced into the colonial region, and the northeast Germany was in the social economy. The third part of the study of the northeast. The Germans of the will of the will of the will of the will of the will of the will of the will of the will. The German rulers took a policy of appeasing, drawing up and assimilating, and the Slavs made the same political and economic and law as the Germanic people. To be assimilated in a blood relationship. For the highly resistant Prussians, the Tidon Cavaliers have adopted a differentiation policy, which is part of the ruling class and is quickly assimilated by the Prussian aristocracy, which remains loyal to the Order, and is classified as a "free man" and enjoys the economy and the law. The privilege of the law is also quickly assimilated; the rebels are reduced to The serfs were oppressed by the Germanic people, but with the passage of time, the status of the serfs was gradually increased, including the serfs. The Prussian was all Germanic. The fourth part set forth the East. The Germanization of the Northern Germany in the cultural respect. Because the German church forces played a key role in the movement of the German East and the German-Germanization of the northeast, the German Christian itself in the north-east At the same time, the popularization of German and the disappearance of the native language, the dissemination of the German literature and the architectural style also promoted the northeast. The Germanic transformation of the German culture in culture. The influence of the Germanization of the northeast of Germany. The Germanization of the north-east of Germany was the result of the German politics. The economic prosperity of the German and even the whole of the Nordic countries has made a great contribution to the economic prosperity of the northeast Germany and the whole of the Nordic countries and the land of the eastern farmers
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K516.31
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