論冷戰(zhàn)初期美國對西班牙的政策
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-23 02:02
【摘要】： 冷戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,美國為了構(gòu)筑全球防御體系,出于遏制戰(zhàn)略的需要,將一直被西方國家排斥在外的西班牙納入視野,逐步同西班牙改善關(guān)系。由于西班牙佛朗哥政權(quán)實行獨裁統(tǒng)治,二戰(zhàn)期間曾與德意法西斯國家關(guān)系密切,因此美國這一舉措遭到英法等西方國家的強烈反對。然而意識形態(tài)最終敵不過國家利益的需要,在冷戰(zhàn)的大背景下,美國愈來愈重視西班牙重要的戰(zhàn)略地位。1947年美國出臺第一份對西班牙政策的NSC3號文件,1950—1951年NSC72系列文件的制訂,標志著美國對西班牙政策的最終確定。1953年9月美國和西班牙簽署《美西共同防衛(wèi)援助協(xié)定》,實現(xiàn)了美國對西班牙政策的目標。本文依據(jù)國家安全委員會文件、美國對外關(guān)系文件等火量原始檔案文獻,借鑒國內(nèi)外已有的研究成果,對這一問題進行了較為詳細的闡述和分析。 全文共分五個部分: 第一部分簡述了二戰(zhàn)后初期美國對西班牙的孤立政策。由于西班牙政府的獨裁性質(zhì),以及在二戰(zhàn)中實行親德意法西斯國家的政策,戰(zhàn)后西班牙遭到西方國家的一致抵制,1946年聯(lián)合國通過12月決議,將西班牙逐出聯(lián)合國。自稱奉行民主自由原則的美國順應(yīng)形勢,對西班牙同樣采取了孤立排斥的政策。然而在孤立背后,美國軍方早己悄悄關(guān)注到西班牙重要的軍事戰(zhàn)略價值,這為后來美國改變對西班牙政策埋下了伏筆。 第二部分重點論述了1947—1950年美國對西班牙政策的轉(zhuǎn)變過程。冷戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)成為美國轉(zhuǎn)變對西班牙政策的契機,1947年美國出臺第一份對西班牙政策的NSC3號文件,標志著美國對西班牙政策由此發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)折,開始著重考慮西班牙的軍事價值。1950—1951年美國出臺NSC72系列文件,最終確定美國對西班牙政策的目標為:盡快發(fā)展西班牙戰(zhàn)略地位的軍事潛力;盡早將西班牙納入北約組織。 第三部分闡述了美國對西班牙政策的實施過程。為實現(xiàn)美國對西班牙政策的目標,1952—1953年美國和西班牙經(jīng)過艱難談判,最終簽署《美西共同防衛(wèi)援助協(xié)定》,美國獲得西班牙的軍事基地,向西班牙提供軍事經(jīng)濟援助,兩國各得其所。 第四部分分析了冷戰(zhàn)初期美國對西班牙政策的特點和影響。其政策特點包括美援換基地、美國援助政策由經(jīng)濟援助轉(zhuǎn)向軍事援助為主、西歐強烈反對美國對西班牙政策等方面,其中重點分析了美國對西班牙政策的轉(zhuǎn)變遭到西歐國家一致反對這一鮮明特點。影響方面重點分析了美國對西班牙政策的實施成為西班牙重返國際舞臺和佛朗哥政權(quán)得以維持的重要因素,并對西班牙經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展起到一定的促進作用。 第五部分為結(jié)語,總結(jié)了這一時期美國對西班牙政策的認識,揭示了該政策的深層內(nèi)涵。冷戰(zhàn)初期美國對西班牙政策的演變,從側(cè)面反映出冷戰(zhàn)的尖銳和嚴酷。美國在政策制定過程中,雖然考慮到意識形態(tài)因素的重要性,但國家利益仍居首位。因此,盡管西班牙政權(quán)獨裁性質(zhì)同西方國家民主原則嚴重對立,美國仍然選擇對西班牙實行親善政策,這就撕破了美國一貫自詡的民主自由衛(wèi)道士的面紗,暴露出其民族自利的本質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:After the end of the cold war, the United States, in order to build a global defense system, will have been excluded from the western countries in view of the need to contain the strategy, and gradually improve its relations with Spain. As a result of the dictatorship of the Spanish Franco regime, a close relationship with the German-Italian fascists during the Second World War, the United States was strongly opposed by the British and Western countries. However, in the background of the cold war, the United States has given more and more attention to the important strategic position of Spain. In 1947, the United States introduced the first NSC3 document to the Spanish policy, and the development of the NSC72 series in 1950-1951, The United States and Spain signed the United States Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement in September 1953 to achieve the goals of the United States in the Spanish policy. This paper, based on the documents of the National Security Council and the original documents of the United States' foreign relations, has made a detailed description and analysis of this problem, using the existing research results at home and abroad. The full text is divided into five Part I: The first part of the first part of the first part of the Second World War, the United States to Spain The isolationist policy of the Spanish government after the war, as a result of the authoritarian nature of the Spanish government, and the policy of the pro-fascist state in World War II, and in 1946 the United Nations adopted the December resolution, by which Spain Expulsion of the United Nations. The United States, which calls itself the principle of democratic freedom, is in the same way as Spain. However, behind the isolation, the U. S. military has quietly focused on the value of Spain's important military strategy, which has changed America's policy toward Spain The second part of the 1947-1950 U.S.-to-West shift. The transition of the tooth policy. The outbreak of the cold war has become an opportunity for the transition of the United States to the Spanish policy. In 1947, the United States introduced the first NSC3 document to the Spanish policy, which marked the major turning point of the United States on the Spanish policy and began to focus on the military value of Spain. In 1950, the United States introduced N. The SC72 series of documents, finalized the United States' goal of the Spanish policy, is to develop the military potential of the strategic position of Spain as soon as possible, as soon as possible The third part describes the United States. The process of the implementation of the Spanish policy. In order to achieve the goals of the United States in the Spanish policy, the United States and Spain, in 1952 and 1953, were in difficult negotiations and, at the end, signed the United States Common Defence Assistance Agreement. The United States had a military base in Spain and provided military assistance to Spain. in that fourth part of the cold war, The United States has the characteristics and impact on the Spanish policy. Its policy features include the US-aid base, the U.S. aid policy is dominated by economic aid to military aid, and Western Europe is strongly opposed to the United States policy of Spain, with a focus on the United States' transition to the Spanish policy Western European countries are in line with this distinctive feature. The impact has focused on the United States' implementation of the Spanish policy as an important factor in the return of Spain to the international arena and the Franco regime, and to Spain The fifth part is the epilogue, and this period is summed up in the United States in Spain The understanding of the policy reveals the deep connotation of the policy, and the policy of the United States in the early part of the Cold War to the Spanish policy The evolution, from the side, reflects the sharp and harshness of the cold war. In the process of policy-making, the United States, while taking into account the sense of consciousness, The importance of state factors, but the country's interests are still in the first place. Therefore, despite the serious opposition of the authoritarian nature of the Spanish regime to the democratic principles of the West, the United States has chosen to apply a pro-good policy to Spain, which has torn America's consistent and self-determination, democratic, free-and-all
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D871.2;K712.5
[Abstract]:After the end of the cold war, the United States, in order to build a global defense system, will have been excluded from the western countries in view of the need to contain the strategy, and gradually improve its relations with Spain. As a result of the dictatorship of the Spanish Franco regime, a close relationship with the German-Italian fascists during the Second World War, the United States was strongly opposed by the British and Western countries. However, in the background of the cold war, the United States has given more and more attention to the important strategic position of Spain. In 1947, the United States introduced the first NSC3 document to the Spanish policy, and the development of the NSC72 series in 1950-1951, The United States and Spain signed the United States Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement in September 1953 to achieve the goals of the United States in the Spanish policy. This paper, based on the documents of the National Security Council and the original documents of the United States' foreign relations, has made a detailed description and analysis of this problem, using the existing research results at home and abroad. The full text is divided into five Part I: The first part of the first part of the first part of the Second World War, the United States to Spain The isolationist policy of the Spanish government after the war, as a result of the authoritarian nature of the Spanish government, and the policy of the pro-fascist state in World War II, and in 1946 the United Nations adopted the December resolution, by which Spain Expulsion of the United Nations. The United States, which calls itself the principle of democratic freedom, is in the same way as Spain. However, behind the isolation, the U. S. military has quietly focused on the value of Spain's important military strategy, which has changed America's policy toward Spain The second part of the 1947-1950 U.S.-to-West shift. The transition of the tooth policy. The outbreak of the cold war has become an opportunity for the transition of the United States to the Spanish policy. In 1947, the United States introduced the first NSC3 document to the Spanish policy, which marked the major turning point of the United States on the Spanish policy and began to focus on the military value of Spain. In 1950, the United States introduced N. The SC72 series of documents, finalized the United States' goal of the Spanish policy, is to develop the military potential of the strategic position of Spain as soon as possible, as soon as possible The third part describes the United States. The process of the implementation of the Spanish policy. In order to achieve the goals of the United States in the Spanish policy, the United States and Spain, in 1952 and 1953, were in difficult negotiations and, at the end, signed the United States Common Defence Assistance Agreement. The United States had a military base in Spain and provided military assistance to Spain. in that fourth part of the cold war, The United States has the characteristics and impact on the Spanish policy. Its policy features include the US-aid base, the U.S. aid policy is dominated by economic aid to military aid, and Western Europe is strongly opposed to the United States policy of Spain, with a focus on the United States' transition to the Spanish policy Western European countries are in line with this distinctive feature. The impact has focused on the United States' implementation of the Spanish policy as an important factor in the return of Spain to the international arena and the Franco regime, and to Spain The fifth part is the epilogue, and this period is summed up in the United States in Spain The understanding of the policy reveals the deep connotation of the policy, and the policy of the United States in the early part of the Cold War to the Spanish policy The evolution, from the side, reflects the sharp and harshness of the cold war. In the process of policy-making, the United States, while taking into account the sense of consciousness, The importance of state factors, but the country's interests are still in the first place. Therefore, despite the serious opposition of the authoritarian nature of the Spanish regime to the democratic principles of the West, the United States has chosen to apply a pro-good policy to Spain, which has torn America's consistent and self-determination, democratic, free-and-all
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D871.2;K712.5
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