【摘要】： 烏爾第三王朝國(guó)王舒勒吉在其統(tǒng)治的第38年建立了大型的貢牲中心—普茲瑞什達(dá)干司(é-Puzrish-Dagan),其遺址位于現(xiàn)代伊拉克的德萊海姆(Drehem)。貢牲中心建立的原因是烏爾王權(quán)日益強(qiáng)大,各地向國(guó)王進(jìn)貢的動(dòng)物日益增多,王室和各地總督經(jīng)常向各種神明奉獻(xiàn)犧牲;同時(shí),宮廷和其他王室官員以及士兵食用也需要大量的羊牲。這些接收和支出工作需要一個(gè)專門的機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)管理。普茲瑞什達(dá)干(Drehem)地處供奉“眾神之王”恩利勒的尼普爾城和眾神之后寧利勒的圖馬勒廟區(qū)之間,因此被選為中心的所在地。普茲瑞什達(dá)干司是古代兩河流域影響深遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)貢牲中心,在烏爾第三王朝的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體系中占有十分重要地位。 本文重建了貢牲中心育肥羊牲官員那魯?shù)臋n案。目前,我們收集到的德萊海姆出土的那魯文獻(xiàn)共有1159個(gè)。論文分為上下兩卷:上卷首先介紹了貢牲中心的設(shè)立經(jīng)過(guò)和設(shè)立意義,列舉了那魯?shù)闹饕ぷ鞯攸c(diǎn)、工作經(jīng)歷和工作聯(lián)系人,分析了烏爾王朝祭祀活動(dòng);下卷對(duì)收集到的那魯?shù)脑嘉墨I(xiàn)按時(shí)間順序進(jìn)行排列和重建,并附有楔形文字拉丁化、英文翻譯和中文翻譯。 通過(guò)對(duì)那魯文獻(xiàn)檔案的重建和分析可知:那魯文件在貢牲中心出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間(即他的工作時(shí)間)從舒勒吉26年到舒辛6年1月6日,共38年。雖然沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)那魯?shù)挠≌?通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)知道他在貢牲中心的頭銜是“育肥師”。那魯從中心總管那里接管育肥和普通的羊牲,放在自己麾下的羊圈用大麥飼養(yǎng)、育肥。那魯在4個(gè)城市:烏爾(王朝的首都)、尼普爾(宗教中心)、烏魯克(第三大城市)和圖馬勒都有自己臨時(shí)的羊圈,這些地方都是烏爾王朝的重要城市。那魯育肥合格的羊牲用來(lái)祭祀神明、滿足王室日常需要以及招待外國(guó)使節(jié)。未育肥的淘汰級(jí)的羊牲交給中心總管那薩和普通羊圈官員烏爾庫(kù)儂那。死去的羊牲(偶爾也有育肥羊牲)轉(zhuǎn)交給專門負(fù)責(zé)管理死牲的官員。和那魯工作聯(lián)系比較緊密的官員有:貢牲中心的4任總管舒勒吉時(shí)期的匿名官員和那薩、阿馬爾辛?xí)r期的阿巴薩旮、舒辛?xí)r期的尹塔埃阿;王家獸苑官員杜旮;接收死牲的官員烏爾尼旮爾和舒勒吉烏如穆等等。此外,那魯還接收大麥作為育肥羊的飼料,把多余的大麥轉(zhuǎn)交給其他官員;登記并轉(zhuǎn)交自己羊圈中生產(chǎn)的羊毛。 那魯是貢牲中心比較重要的官員,他是舒勒吉、阿馬爾辛和舒辛三朝元老。那魯?shù)墓ぷ魃耐瑫r(shí)見(jiàn)證了貢牲中心由盛到衰的過(guò)程。那魯為王朝各種祭祀活動(dòng)提供育肥羊牲祭品,為我們研究烏爾王朝祭祀提供了最原始、最直接的第一手材料。
[Abstract]:In the 38th year of his reign, King Schuljee, the third king of Ular, established a large-scale tribute center, 茅-Puzrish-Dagan, whose site is in (Drehem)., modern Iraq. The center was established because of the growing power of the Ur king, the increasing number of animals paying tribute to the king, and the constant sacrifice of the royal family and local governors to various gods; At the same time, the palace and other royal officials and soldiers also need to eat a large number of sheep. These receipt and expenditure work needs a special agency to manage. Puschrishdagan (Drehem) is chosen as the center of the city of Nepel, which honors the "King of the Gods", and the Temple District of Nimalel, after the gods. Puschrishda Kansi was a far-reaching center of tributes in ancient two river basins, which played a very important role in the economic management system of the third Dynasty of Ur. This paper reconstructs the files of Nalu, a fattening sheep officer at the Gongfen Center. At present, we have collected a total of 1159 Naru documents unearthed by Dreyheim. The thesis is divided into two volumes: the first volume introduces the establishment and significance of Gongfu Center, enumerates the main working places, working experiences and working contacts of Nalu, and analyzes the sacrificial activities of the Ur Dynasty; The following volume arranges and reconstructs the original documents collected from Naru in chronological order, with cuneiform Latin, English and Chinese translations. Through the reconstruction and analysis of Naru documentation files, it can be seen that the time when Naru documents appeared in the center of Gongfu (that is, his working hours) ranged from 26 years to 6 January 6, a total of 38 years. Although no seal of Nalu was found, his title at the center of the tribute was known as "fattener" through the literature. Naru took over the fattening and the ordinary sheep from the central manager, and the sheepfold he placed under his command was raised with barley and fattened. Nalu has its own temporary sheepfold in four cities: Ur (the capital of the dynasty), Nippur (religious center), Uluk (the third-largest city), and Toumale, all important cities of the Ur dynasty. The qualified sheep were used to sacrifice the gods, to meet the daily needs of the royal family, and to entertain foreign envoys. The unfattened, knockout sheep were handed over to Nassa, the central manager, and Urkunna, an ordinary sheephouse official. The dead sheep (and occasionally fattening) were handed over to officials responsible for the management of the dead animals. The officials who work closely with Naru are: the Anonymous officials of Schulji period and Nahasa, the Abasa every of Amarsin period, the Intaea of Shushin period, the official of Royal Garden of Warcraft du every, and the official of Royal Warcraft Garden, du Tuo, who are in close contact with the work of Naru. The officials who received the dead, Ulnigaard and Schuljew, and so on. In addition, Naru took barley as feed for fattening sheep and handed over the excess barley to other officials; registered and handed over wool produced in his own sheepfold. Naru is one of the most important officials in Gongfu Center. He is a veteran of Schulegee, Amarsin and Shushin. Nalu's working life also witnessed the rise and fall of the center of tribute. Nalu provides fattening sheep for all kinds of sacrificial activities of the dynasty and provides us with the most primitive and direct first-hand materials for us to study the sacrifices of the Ur dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K124

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：2464072