古代埃及的神權(quán)政治初探
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-03 20:33
【摘要】： 神靈崇拜在古代世界各個(gè)民族中普遍存在,對(duì)神靈的膜拜和信仰形成的宗教精神和神學(xué)規(guī)范深深地影響著古代世界各個(gè)民族的意識(shí)形態(tài),并在各自的意識(shí)形態(tài)的指導(dǎo)下形成具有自身民族特色的政權(quán)體系。古代埃及對(duì)神靈的膜拜也形成了埃及民族獨(dú)具特色的神權(quán)政治體系。 在古代埃及社會(huì),宗教神學(xué)為法老的王權(quán)統(tǒng)治、政府運(yùn)作、社會(huì)管理提供著神學(xué)依據(jù)、精神支撐甚至理論指導(dǎo),從理論上確定了法老政府維護(hù)眾神在創(chuàng)世之初定下的宇宙和社會(huì)秩序的本職職能,從而使集權(quán)的法老政府能高效的管理著埃及社會(huì),也使得埃及民族在農(nóng)業(yè)耕作之余能夠創(chuàng)造上古世界可以說(shuō)是最輝煌的人類文明。因此古代埃及民族的神權(quán)政治為輝煌的埃及文明的出現(xiàn)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。 然而,法老的神權(quán)政治為古代埃及的社會(huì)發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)的同時(shí),由于自身的缺陷,法老的神權(quán)體系不僅具有削弱自身王權(quán)的隱患,而且最終也成為了埃及社會(huì)發(fā)展與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的障礙。在神權(quán)政治理論的影響下,對(duì)眾神的膜拜使得埃及民族俯首于神性的權(quán)威之下,在既定的文化規(guī)范中難以前進(jìn)微小的一步;法老宏偉的金字塔不僅見(jiàn)證了古代埃及集權(quán)政治的輝煌,同時(shí)也說(shuō)明了古代埃及民族主流信仰的虛妄,從而使埃及民族對(duì)一個(gè)子虛烏有的世界投注了過(guò)多的精力,而侵蝕掉了現(xiàn)實(shí)中埃及民族精神體系中自信、樂(lè)觀、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的內(nèi)核;于是在新王國(guó)之后,古代埃及民族就形成了以“沉默”為特點(diǎn)的民族性格,它意味和強(qiáng)調(diào)著“耐心、謙卑、順從,甚至放棄”。于是整個(gè)埃及文明體系從此失去了與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、積極進(jìn)取的文化心態(tài),故而當(dāng)“軸心時(shí)代”其他民族在梳理、確認(rèn)、規(guī)范自身的文化傳統(tǒng)從而得以實(shí)現(xiàn)自身民族新發(fā)展的時(shí)候,古代埃及民族卻在異族的統(tǒng)治下“沉默”、“順從”、“謙卑”地與其他文明相融合,并最終消失在了外來(lái)民族的洪流之中。 所以我們與其說(shuō)埃及文明被外來(lái)文明征服了,毋寧說(shuō)埃及文明被無(wú)情的歷史洪流所淘汰了。
[Abstract]:The worship of deities was widespread among all nationalities in the ancient world. The religious spirit and theological norms formed by worship and belief of deities deeply influenced the ideology of every nation in the ancient world. And under the guidance of their respective ideology to form their own national characteristics of the regime system. The worship of the gods in ancient Egypt also formed the unique theocracy political system of the Egyptian nation. In ancient Egyptian society, religious theology provided theological basis, spiritual support and even theoretical guidance for Pharaoh's rule of Wang Quan, the operation of government, and social management. In theory, the government of Pharaoh determines the duty of the pharaoh government to maintain the universal and social order laid down by the gods at the beginning of the creation, so that the centralized pharaoh government can efficiently manage Egyptian society, In addition to farming, the Egyptian nation can create the most brilliant human civilization in the ancient world. Therefore, the ancient Egyptian national theocracy made great contribution to the emergence of the glorious Egyptian civilization. However, while Pharaoh's theocracy made a great contribution to the social development of ancient Egypt, due to its own defects, Pharaoh's theocracy system not only has the hidden danger of weakening its own Wang Quan, And eventually became an obstacle to the development of Egyptian society to keep pace with the times. Under the influence of theocratic political theory, the worship of the gods makes the Egyptian nation bow to the authority of divinity, and it is difficult to make a small step forward in the established cultural norms. Pharaoh's magnificent pyramids not only witnessed the splendor of the authoritarian politics of ancient Egypt, but also showed the falsehood of the mainstream beliefs of the ancient Egyptian nation, so that the Egyptian nation invested too much energy in an empty world. And eroded the real Egyptian national spirit system of self-confidence, optimism, strong core; After the new kingdom, the ancient Egyptian people formed a national character characterized by "silence", which meant and emphasized "patience, humility, obedience, and even abandonment". As a result, the entire Egyptian civilization system has since lost its cultural mentality of keeping pace with the times and being active and enterprising. Therefore, when other nationalities in the "Axis Age" are combing, confirming and standardizing their own cultural traditions so as to achieve their own new national development, The ancient Egyptian nation, however, was "silent", "obedient", "humbly" merged with other civilizations under the rule of the alien race, and eventually disappeared into the flood of foreign nations. So rather than being conquered by foreign civilization, Egyptian civilization has been eliminated by the merciless currents of history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K411
本文編號(hào)：2434072
[Abstract]:The worship of deities was widespread among all nationalities in the ancient world. The religious spirit and theological norms formed by worship and belief of deities deeply influenced the ideology of every nation in the ancient world. And under the guidance of their respective ideology to form their own national characteristics of the regime system. The worship of the gods in ancient Egypt also formed the unique theocracy political system of the Egyptian nation. In ancient Egyptian society, religious theology provided theological basis, spiritual support and even theoretical guidance for Pharaoh's rule of Wang Quan, the operation of government, and social management. In theory, the government of Pharaoh determines the duty of the pharaoh government to maintain the universal and social order laid down by the gods at the beginning of the creation, so that the centralized pharaoh government can efficiently manage Egyptian society, In addition to farming, the Egyptian nation can create the most brilliant human civilization in the ancient world. Therefore, the ancient Egyptian national theocracy made great contribution to the emergence of the glorious Egyptian civilization. However, while Pharaoh's theocracy made a great contribution to the social development of ancient Egypt, due to its own defects, Pharaoh's theocracy system not only has the hidden danger of weakening its own Wang Quan, And eventually became an obstacle to the development of Egyptian society to keep pace with the times. Under the influence of theocratic political theory, the worship of the gods makes the Egyptian nation bow to the authority of divinity, and it is difficult to make a small step forward in the established cultural norms. Pharaoh's magnificent pyramids not only witnessed the splendor of the authoritarian politics of ancient Egypt, but also showed the falsehood of the mainstream beliefs of the ancient Egyptian nation, so that the Egyptian nation invested too much energy in an empty world. And eroded the real Egyptian national spirit system of self-confidence, optimism, strong core; After the new kingdom, the ancient Egyptian people formed a national character characterized by "silence", which meant and emphasized "patience, humility, obedience, and even abandonment". As a result, the entire Egyptian civilization system has since lost its cultural mentality of keeping pace with the times and being active and enterprising. Therefore, when other nationalities in the "Axis Age" are combing, confirming and standardizing their own cultural traditions so as to achieve their own new national development, The ancient Egyptian nation, however, was "silent", "obedient", "humbly" merged with other civilizations under the rule of the alien race, and eventually disappeared into the flood of foreign nations. So rather than being conquered by foreign civilization, Egyptian civilization has been eliminated by the merciless currents of history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K411
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 李敏;古代埃及文明衰亡原因析論[D];山西大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2434072
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