埃托利亞同盟的早期發(fā)展
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-16 14:07
【摘要】：埃托利亞同盟存在于希臘歷史的時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng),從其發(fā)端(公元前330年)到滅亡(公元前140年)不到200年的歷史。關(guān)于埃托利亞同盟的中外著作,大都是描述他們的臭名昭著的海盜土匪行為,同盟也因此而聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。這很大一部分的原因歸結(jié)于阿凱亞(素有埃托利亞死對(duì)頭的稱(chēng)號(hào))的歷史學(xué)家波利比奧斯及追捧他的現(xiàn)代歷史學(xué)家的記載和研究,雖然歷史學(xué)家盡量客觀的敘述歷史,但是不可避免摻雜民族主義和個(gè)人主義的情緒在其中,也有不少歷史學(xué)家已經(jīng)意識(shí)到埃托利亞同盟被冤枉的事實(shí),但是對(duì)其評(píng)價(jià)仍然不高,似乎有不敢超越之嫌。本文將對(duì)其海盜形象做一反駁,試圖運(yùn)用資料及合理推理展現(xiàn)一個(gè)積極正面的埃托利亞同盟。 作為公元前三世紀(jì)最為強(qiáng)大的聯(lián)邦同盟,埃托利亞同盟的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程,從部落血緣結(jié)合到成熟的聯(lián)邦體制的建立,不是一蹴而就而是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的漸變。本文將同盟形成的原因歸結(jié)為內(nèi)外兩方面,即內(nèi)部共同身份認(rèn)同、對(duì)財(cái)富和權(quán)力的欲望、國(guó)際形勢(shì)的變化、瑙巴克托斯管理的需要。 縱觀埃托利亞同盟政治構(gòu)建的變化我們可以看出這是一個(gè)靈活的政治單位�？赡芷鸪跬说耐呓夂椭亟�,馬其頓的不斷威脅,希臘化時(shí)代的復(fù)雜國(guó)際形勢(shì)使得這些政治單位要忍受隨時(shí)變化的遭遇,但是埃托利亞同盟是在不斷壯大的,成員也不斷納入,各種突發(fā)情況的出現(xiàn),必然會(huì)增強(qiáng)靈活的、有效能的單位的權(quán)力,降低笨重效率低單位的權(quán)力,如此一來(lái),我們看到在埃托利亞同盟中后期將領(lǐng)和議事會(huì)的權(quán)力的增長(zhǎng),甚至出現(xiàn)將領(lǐng)權(quán)力的獨(dú)享的局面。 埃托利亞同盟在希臘化時(shí)期能夠快速壯大,絕不是偶然,它順應(yīng)歷史的發(fā)展,較早的意識(shí)到和平是發(fā)展的前提,對(duì)外交政策適時(shí)調(diào)整,從以殖民和征服為特點(diǎn)的傳統(tǒng)外交政策中走出來(lái),采取一種新式的理智外交。在希臘化時(shí)代它能夠摒棄傳統(tǒng)守舊的觀念隨時(shí)調(diào)整政策,是一種歷史的進(jìn)步。另外埃托利亞同盟是第一個(gè)利用公民權(quán)擴(kuò)張的同盟,公民權(quán)利的授予有給個(gè)人的,也有給城邦的,這種授予公民權(quán)的政策是一種人性化的表現(xiàn),也是時(shí)代的進(jìn)步。雖然政治目的很顯然,但是也伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)上的特許權(quán),而且很多時(shí)候經(jīng)濟(jì)意義大于政治意義。除此之外的庇護(hù)制度與領(lǐng)事制度都是新式外交政策的重要組成部分。
[Abstract]:The Etolian League existed in Greek history for a short time, from its inception (330 BC) to its demise (140 BC) less than 200 years ago. Most of the books about the Etolian Alliance were devoted to their notorious acts of pirate banditry, and the Alliance became famous for this. Much of this is due to the record and research of Akea, the historian known as Etoria's adversary, Polly Bios, and the modern historians who have followed him, although historians try to describe history as objectively as possible. But there is an inevitable mix of nationalism and individualism, and many historians are aware of the fact that the Etolian alliance has been wronged, but it is still not highly valued and seems to dare not go beyond it. This paper will refute his pirate image and try to show a positive and positive Etolian alliance by using data and reasonable reasoning. As the most powerful federal alliance in the third century BC, the emergence and development of the Etolian alliance was a gradual process. In this paper, the causes of the formation of the alliance can be attributed to the internal and external common identity, the desire for wealth and power, the change of the international situation, and the need for the management of Nauba Ketos. Looking at the changes in the political construction of the Etoria Alliance, we can see that this is a flexible political unit. Perhaps the collapse and reconstruction of the alliance at first, the constant threat from Macedonia, and the complex international situation of the Hellenistic era made these political units endure constant changes, but the Etolian alliance is growing and its members are constantly included. The emergence of various emergencies is bound to increase the power of flexible, effective units and reduce the power of cumbersome, inefficient units. In this way, we see an increase in the powers of generals and councils of parliament in the middle and late stages of the Etolian Alliance. There is even a situation in which generals enjoy exclusive power. It was no accident that the Etoria Alliance was able to grow rapidly during the Hellenization period. It complied with the development of history, realized earlier that peace was the prerequisite for development, and adjusted its foreign policy at the right time. From the traditional foreign policy characterized by colonization and subjugation, a new kind of rational diplomacy was adopted. In the Hellenistic era, it was a historical advance that it could abandon the traditional ideas and adjust its policies at any time. In addition, the Etolian Alliance was the first alliance to expand citizenship, the granting of civil rights to individuals and to the city-states, this policy of granting citizenship is a humanized performance, but also a progress of the times. While the political purpose is obvious, it is accompanied by economic concessions, and in many cases the economic significance is greater than the political significance. In addition, asylum and consular systems are important components of new foreign policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K125
本文編號(hào)：2424525
[Abstract]:The Etolian League existed in Greek history for a short time, from its inception (330 BC) to its demise (140 BC) less than 200 years ago. Most of the books about the Etolian Alliance were devoted to their notorious acts of pirate banditry, and the Alliance became famous for this. Much of this is due to the record and research of Akea, the historian known as Etoria's adversary, Polly Bios, and the modern historians who have followed him, although historians try to describe history as objectively as possible. But there is an inevitable mix of nationalism and individualism, and many historians are aware of the fact that the Etolian alliance has been wronged, but it is still not highly valued and seems to dare not go beyond it. This paper will refute his pirate image and try to show a positive and positive Etolian alliance by using data and reasonable reasoning. As the most powerful federal alliance in the third century BC, the emergence and development of the Etolian alliance was a gradual process. In this paper, the causes of the formation of the alliance can be attributed to the internal and external common identity, the desire for wealth and power, the change of the international situation, and the need for the management of Nauba Ketos. Looking at the changes in the political construction of the Etoria Alliance, we can see that this is a flexible political unit. Perhaps the collapse and reconstruction of the alliance at first, the constant threat from Macedonia, and the complex international situation of the Hellenistic era made these political units endure constant changes, but the Etolian alliance is growing and its members are constantly included. The emergence of various emergencies is bound to increase the power of flexible, effective units and reduce the power of cumbersome, inefficient units. In this way, we see an increase in the powers of generals and councils of parliament in the middle and late stages of the Etolian Alliance. There is even a situation in which generals enjoy exclusive power. It was no accident that the Etoria Alliance was able to grow rapidly during the Hellenization period. It complied with the development of history, realized earlier that peace was the prerequisite for development, and adjusted its foreign policy at the right time. From the traditional foreign policy characterized by colonization and subjugation, a new kind of rational diplomacy was adopted. In the Hellenistic era, it was a historical advance that it could abandon the traditional ideas and adjust its policies at any time. In addition, the Etolian Alliance was the first alliance to expand citizenship, the granting of civil rights to individuals and to the city-states, this policy of granting citizenship is a humanized performance, but also a progress of the times. While the political purpose is obvious, it is accompanied by economic concessions, and in many cases the economic significance is greater than the political significance. In addition, asylum and consular systems are important components of new foreign policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K125
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 孫晶晶;;古希臘城邦同盟形成原因探析[J];歷史教學(xué)問(wèn)題;2007年03期
2 孫晶晶;李慎令;;古希臘城邦同盟的類(lèi)型[J];前沿;2010年07期
，本文編號(hào)：2424525
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