【摘要】： 拿破侖對猶太人的政策具有明顯的兩面性。在法國大革命的影響下,拿破侖的軍事行動及其政權(quán)促成了猶太人的解放,使他們擁有了公民權(quán)和平等的法律地位。但是,拿破侖又限制和利用猶太人,試圖將他們同化于法國社會之中,并以此來解決法國和歐洲的“猶太問題”。由于拿破侖政權(quán)執(zhí)行相對寬容的宗教政策和民族政策,“猶太名人會議”和“猶太教公會”相繼召開。與此同時,拿破侖期望猶太人永遠(yuǎn)放棄自己的民族主義、社區(qū)自治和回歸巴勒斯坦的愿望,表面上的寬容難以掩蓋其復(fù)雜的政治動機和經(jīng)濟考慮,因為無論是國內(nèi)局勢的穩(wěn)定,還是法國軍隊的給養(yǎng)都有賴于猶太人的合作與支持。法國大革命所弘揚的“自由、平等、博愛”與利己的民族主義交織在一起,成為拿破侖對猶政策陷入困境的癥結(jié)之所在。 盡管拿破侖對猶太人的態(tài)度是相互矛盾的,但他所推行的政策對歐洲猶太人產(chǎn)生了重大影響。拿破侖政權(quán)拆除了猶太區(qū)的隔都,促進(jìn)了猶太人的解放,前所未有的廣闊世界展現(xiàn)在猶太人面前。他們開始在經(jīng)濟、文學(xué)、科學(xué)、哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)等領(lǐng)域施展身手。更為重要的是,這些政策造成的影響成了歐洲猶太歷史上的一道分水嶺,為以后百余年間歐洲猶太人的生活定下了基調(diào):越來越多的猶太人放棄社團(tuán)自治,逐步融入所在國的社會生活。此外,由于拿破侖對猶太人政策的實施范圍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了法國本土,“猶太問題”開始成為近代歐洲國際政治的基本問題之一,成長中的歐洲民族國家開始關(guān)注本國的猶太人問題。從結(jié)果看,拿破侖政策的利己性因素非但沒有使猶太人回歸巴勒斯坦的愿望破滅,反而推動了現(xiàn)代猶太復(fù)國主義運動的產(chǎn)生。
[Abstract]:Napoleon's policy towards the Jews had two sides. Under the influence of the French Revolution, Napoleon's military action and his regime led to the liberation of Jews, giving them citizenship and equal legal status. However, Napoleon restricted and used the Jews, trying to assimilate them into the French society and to solve the Jewish problem in France and Europe. Due to the relatively tolerant religious and national policies of Napoleon's regime, the Jewish Celebrity Conference and the Judaism Guild were held one after another. At the same time, Napoleon expected the Jews to give up their aspirations for nationalism, community autonomy and return to Palestine forever, and the apparent tolerance could hardly conceal their complex political motives and economic considerations, both because of the stability of the domestic situation, The supply of the French army depends on the cooperation and support of the Jews. "Freedom, equality, fraternity" promoted by the French Revolution, intertwined with egoistic nationalism, became the crux of Napoleon's difficult policy toward Judah. Although Napoleon's attitude toward Jews was contradictory, his policies had a significant impact on European Jews. Napoleon's regime broke down the ghetto, promoted the liberation of Jews, and opened up an unprecedented world to the Jews. They began to perform in the fields of economics, literature, science, philosophy, art and so on. More importantly, the impact of these policies became a watershed in European Jewish history, setting the tone for more than a hundred years of European Jewish life: more and more Jews gave up their communal autonomy. Gradually integrate into the social life of the host country. In addition, because Napoleon's policy on Jews went far beyond the French mainland, the Jewish question began to become one of the basic problems in modern European international politics. The growing European nation-state began to pay attention to its own Jewish problem. As a result, the egoism of Napoleon's policy did not destroy the desire of the Jews to return to Palestine, but promoted the emergence of the modern Zionist movement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K565.41

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 郭秋菊;拿破侖的法律思想與法治實踐探析[D];西南政法大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：2419915