簡析江戶后半期日本陽明學(xué)在幕藩體制瓦解中的作用
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-07 16:14
【摘要】： 江戶時代在日本歷史上具有劃時代的意義。在這一歷史轉(zhuǎn)折時期,日本確立了集權(quán)性質(zhì)的封建幕藩體制,使封建社會有了充分的發(fā)展,從而為實現(xiàn)向資本主義社會的轉(zhuǎn)變奠定了基礎(chǔ)。在這一時期,適應(yīng)當(dāng)時日本社會的要求,中國儒家思想再次傳入日本,與日本的社會現(xiàn)實相結(jié)合并大放異彩。日本朱子學(xué)作為官學(xué)被統(tǒng)治階級所重視,為封建幕藩體制的建立和發(fā)展提供了理論上的支持;陽明學(xué)思想則被下級武士和一般庶民所接受,在江戶時代中后期商品經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,培育了富有實踐精神的反體制思想家、實業(yè)家;在幕藩體制瓦解的過程中起到了重要的促進作用。 江戶時代,資本主義經(jīng)濟開始萌芽并取得了一定的發(fā)展。但在“士農(nóng)工商”這一嚴(yán)格的封建身份等級制度下,資本主義經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展始終受到很大的限制。特別是到了江戶時代后半期,隨著商品經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,封建身份等級制度對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的阻礙越發(fā)明顯,在這種情況下,日本陽明學(xué)重視人性,趨向平等的思想向封建身份制度提出了挑戰(zhàn),為商業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了理論支撐,沖擊了封建的幕藩體制。 日本陽明學(xué)對幕藩體制的沖擊不僅表現(xiàn)在對政治制度的挑戰(zhàn),還表現(xiàn)在對民眾起義和革新運動的支持。江戶后半期,封建的幕藩統(tǒng)治開始顯現(xiàn)出其弊端,國內(nèi)起義風(fēng)起云涌,國外威脅步步緊逼。在這種內(nèi)憂外患的形勢下,陽明學(xué)思想中的革命性、實踐性等優(yōu)勢突現(xiàn)出來。陽明學(xué)為江戶后期民眾起義提供了理論支持,使其矛頭直接指向腐朽的封建幕府統(tǒng)治。而在幕末時期,日本陽明學(xué)者根據(jù)日本社會狀況,以陽明學(xué)為理論基礎(chǔ)提出了適合日本的革新思想,并將這些思想轉(zhuǎn)化為實際行動,取得了尊王攘夷和倒幕運動的成功,給日本封建幕藩統(tǒng)治以直接而沉重的打擊,促進了幕藩體制的土崩瓦解。 本文分四部分探討了陽明學(xué)對幕藩體制瓦解的作用。第一部分簡要介紹了陽明學(xué)在日本的興起、發(fā)展及特色,考察了陽明學(xué)傳播到日本之后,被日本學(xué)者吸收運用的情況。第二部分以石田梅巖為例分析了陽明學(xué)對“士農(nóng)工商”這一幕藩體制下的封建身份等級制度的沖擊。第三部分通過具有深遠社會影響力的大鹽平八郎及其武裝暴動來分析陽明學(xué)對幕藩統(tǒng)治的動搖作用。第四部分以幕末維新志士吉田松陰和倒幕先鋒西鄉(xiāng)隆盛為例闡述了陽明學(xué)對幕藩統(tǒng)治的直接打擊。
[Abstract]:Edo era has epoch-making significance in Japanese history. In this historical turning period, Japan established the feudal curtain vassal system with the nature of centralization, which made the feudal society fully developed, thus laid the foundation for realizing the transformation to the capitalist society. In this period, adapting to the demands of Japanese society at that time, Chinese Confucianism was introduced into Japan again, and combined with Japanese social reality. As an official school, the Japanese Zhuzi School was attached great importance to by the ruling class, which provided theoretical support for the establishment and development of the feudal curtain vassal system. Yangming thought was accepted by the lower samurai and the common people. In the middle and late Edo period, the commodity economy developed, and the anti-system thinkers and industrialists who were full of practical spirit were cultivated. It played an important role in promoting the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. In the Edo era, capitalist economy began to sprout and made certain development. However, under the strict feudal status hierarchy system, the development of capitalist economy has always been restricted. In particular, in the second half of the Edo era, with the development of the commodity economy, the feudal status hierarchy system hindered the economic development more and more obviously. In this case, the Japanese Yangming School attached importance to human nature. The idea of equality challenged the feudal identity system, provided theoretical support for the development of commerce, and impacted the feudal curtain-vassal system. The impact of Japanese Yangming on the system of curtain-vassal is not only the challenge to the political system, but also the support for the popular uprising and the revolutionary movement. In the second half of Edo, feudal curtain-vassal rule began to show its malpractice. In this situation of internal and external troubles, the revolutionary, practical and other advantages of Yangming's thought emerge. Yangming School provided theoretical support for the popular uprising in the late Edo period and directed its spearhead at the decadent feudal shogunate rule. At the end of the curtain period, Japanese Yangming scholars, according to the Japanese social conditions, put forward innovative ideas suitable for Japan on the theoretical basis of Yangming's study, and transformed these ideas into practical actions, and achieved the success of the movement of respecting the king and the movement of falling curtain. The direct and heavy blow to the Japanese feudal regime promoted the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. This article is divided into four parts to explore the role of Yangming on the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. The first part briefly introduces the rise, development and characteristics of Yangmingism in Japan. The second part takes Shitian Meiyan as an example to analyze the impact of Yangming school on the feudal status hierarchy system under the vassal system of "Shi Nong Industry and Commerce". The third part analyzes the shaking effect of Yangming school on the rule of curtain-vassal by the profound social influence and armed insurrection. The fourth part illustrates the direct impact of Yangming school on curtain-vassal rule with the examples of Yasushi Yoshida Songyin and Xixiang prosperity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國人民解放軍外國語學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K313.36
本文編號：2403863
[Abstract]:Edo era has epoch-making significance in Japanese history. In this historical turning period, Japan established the feudal curtain vassal system with the nature of centralization, which made the feudal society fully developed, thus laid the foundation for realizing the transformation to the capitalist society. In this period, adapting to the demands of Japanese society at that time, Chinese Confucianism was introduced into Japan again, and combined with Japanese social reality. As an official school, the Japanese Zhuzi School was attached great importance to by the ruling class, which provided theoretical support for the establishment and development of the feudal curtain vassal system. Yangming thought was accepted by the lower samurai and the common people. In the middle and late Edo period, the commodity economy developed, and the anti-system thinkers and industrialists who were full of practical spirit were cultivated. It played an important role in promoting the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. In the Edo era, capitalist economy began to sprout and made certain development. However, under the strict feudal status hierarchy system, the development of capitalist economy has always been restricted. In particular, in the second half of the Edo era, with the development of the commodity economy, the feudal status hierarchy system hindered the economic development more and more obviously. In this case, the Japanese Yangming School attached importance to human nature. The idea of equality challenged the feudal identity system, provided theoretical support for the development of commerce, and impacted the feudal curtain-vassal system. The impact of Japanese Yangming on the system of curtain-vassal is not only the challenge to the political system, but also the support for the popular uprising and the revolutionary movement. In the second half of Edo, feudal curtain-vassal rule began to show its malpractice. In this situation of internal and external troubles, the revolutionary, practical and other advantages of Yangming's thought emerge. Yangming School provided theoretical support for the popular uprising in the late Edo period and directed its spearhead at the decadent feudal shogunate rule. At the end of the curtain period, Japanese Yangming scholars, according to the Japanese social conditions, put forward innovative ideas suitable for Japan on the theoretical basis of Yangming's study, and transformed these ideas into practical actions, and achieved the success of the movement of respecting the king and the movement of falling curtain. The direct and heavy blow to the Japanese feudal regime promoted the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. This article is divided into four parts to explore the role of Yangming on the disintegration of the curtain-vassal system. The first part briefly introduces the rise, development and characteristics of Yangmingism in Japan. The second part takes Shitian Meiyan as an example to analyze the impact of Yangming school on the feudal status hierarchy system under the vassal system of "Shi Nong Industry and Commerce". The third part analyzes the shaking effect of Yangming school on the rule of curtain-vassal by the profound social influence and armed insurrection. The fourth part illustrates the direct impact of Yangming school on curtain-vassal rule with the examples of Yasushi Yoshida Songyin and Xixiang prosperity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國人民解放軍外國語學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K313.36
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