【摘要】：本文以歷史唯物主義為理論指導，綜合運用歷史學、政治學和行政管理學等多學科相結(jié)合的研究方法，對現(xiàn)代美國官僚政治進行整體的考察與分析。通過這一問題的研究，不僅揭示出現(xiàn)代美國官僚政治的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展及其所帶來的社會影響，而且揭示出官僚政治與美國政治和社會的“多元性”特征、文官制度對官僚的“保護性”措施、美國政治體制的發(fā)展演變以及與現(xiàn)代美國社會對官僚的“依賴性”加強等之間的關系與關聯(lián)，從而進一步揭示出官僚政治的產(chǎn)生與官僚主義的泛濫是20世紀美國政治中的一個不可避免的現(xiàn)象。全文由序言、正文和結(jié)束語三個部分組成。 序言部分主要界定官僚與官僚政治的概念，說明本文的選題意義、中美學術界的研究狀況、本文的主要內(nèi)容、作者的基本思路以及研究方法。 正文部分包括五章。第一章討論文官制度的建立與文官勢力的膨脹。這一章以1883年《彭德爾頓法》頒布和文官制度建立為分界線，闡述文官制度建立前后美國政府中政治與行政功能的變化(特別是文官身份和地位的變化)。通過這種變化的分析，進一步揭示出文官制度與官僚政治的關系；第二章討論官僚集團與行政首腦的沖突。這一章以美國政治的“分權(quán)與制衡”原則為基本理論點，一方面論述聯(lián)邦政府中聯(lián)邦政治體制對總統(tǒng)行政權(quán)的制約，另一方面論述行政部門內(nèi)部官僚與總統(tǒng)的關系以及官僚對總統(tǒng)行政權(quán)的挑戰(zhàn)。第三章討論官僚集團與國會立法權(quán)的委托。這一章從“分權(quán)與制衡”理論出發(fā)，不僅揭示了美國國會和總統(tǒng)共同分享管理行政部門權(quán)力的特征，而且揭示了通過委托立法權(quán)的辦法，，國會進一步在行政部門內(nèi)與官僚建立某種聯(lián)系與“默契”關系的事實，從而為官僚集團控制政府奠定了政治基礎。第四章討論官僚集團與社會勢力的合流。這一章從美國社會多元性特征入手，一方面探析美國政黨制度的衰落與利益集團興起的根本原因，另一方面闡述官僚通過利 益集團在社會層面找到了支持力量，從而為官僚集團壟斷政府奠定了社 會基礎。第五章討論官僚政治的發(fā)展與官僚主義的泛濫。這一章從20 世紀美國政治體制發(fā)展變化所帶來的三權(quán)“分立與制衡”的政治結(jié)構(gòu)向 行政部門傾斜和美國經(jīng)濟與政治的發(fā)展所帶來的社會利益日益細碎的 現(xiàn)象入手，闡述官僚政治的產(chǎn)生與官僚主義的泛濫，從而從政治與社會 的雙重角度來進一步論證現(xiàn)代美國官僚政治的政治與社會基礎。 結(jié)束語部分對全文內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)升華，并從多個層面和多個角度來 進一步分析美國現(xiàn)代官僚政治產(chǎn)生的原因。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of historical materialism, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and analysis of modern American bureaucracy by using the methods of combining history, political science and administrative management. Through the study of this issue, not only the emergence, development and social impact of modern American bureaucracy are revealed, but also the "pluralistic" characteristics of bureaucracy and American politics and society are revealed. The "protective" measures of the civil service system to the bureaucrats, the development and evolution of the American political system, and the relationship and relationship with the "dependence" of the modern American society on the bureaucrats, etc. It further reveals that the emergence of bureaucracy and the proliferation of bureaucracy is an inevitable phenomenon in American politics in the 20 ~ (th) century. The full text consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly defines the concepts of bureaucracy and bureaucrat politics, explains the significance of this paper, the research status of Chinese and American academic circles, the main contents of this paper, the author's basic ideas and research methods. The text includes five chapters. The first chapter discusses the establishment of civil service system and the expansion of civil power. This chapter takes the promulgation of the Pendleton Act of 1883 and the establishment of the civil service system as the dividing line, and expounds the changes in the political and administrative functions of the United States government before and after the establishment of the civil service system (especially the changes in the status and status of the civil service). Through the analysis of this change, the relationship between civil service system and bureaucrat politics is further revealed. The second chapter discusses the conflict between bureaucratic group and executive head. This chapter takes the principle of "separation of powers and checks and balances" in American politics as the basic theoretical point. On the one hand, it discusses the restriction of the federal political system on the executive power of the president in the federal government. On the other hand, it discusses the relationship between the bureaucrats and the president and the challenges of the bureaucrats to the executive power of the president. The third chapter discusses the bureaucracy and the delegation of legislative power in Congress. Starting from the theory of "separation of powers and checks and balances", this chapter not only reveals the characteristics of the joint sharing of executive power between the Congress and the President of the United States, but also reveals the method of delegating legislative power. The fact that Congress further established a connection with bureaucrats within the executive branch and "tacit understanding" laid the political foundation for bureaucrats to control government. The fourth chapter discusses the combination of bureaucratic groups and social forces. This chapter begins with the pluralistic characteristics of American society. On the one hand, it explores the fundamental reasons for the decline of the American political party system and the rise of interest groups. On the other hand, it explains that bureaucrats have found the support force in the social level through the benefit group, thus laid the foundation of the social society for the bureaucrat group to monopolize the government. The fifth chapter discusses the development of bureaucracy and the spread of bureaucracy. This chapter inclines from the political structure of "separation and checks and balances" brought about by the development and change of American political system in the 20th century to the executive branch and the development of American economy and politics. The social benefits brought by the exhibition are becoming more and more delicate. This paper expounds the emergence of bureaucracy and the proliferation of bureaucracy, and further demonstrates the political and social basis of modern American bureaucracy from the perspective of politics and society. The conclusion part summarizes and sublimates the content of the full text and further analyzes the causes of American modern bureaucracy from many aspects and angles.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：K712

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 石慶環(huán);英美文官制度的模式差異及其歷史影響[J];世界歷史;2001年06期

2 石慶環(huán);20世紀美國文官制度的歷史回顧[J];美國研究;2001年02期

本文編號：2401561