【摘要】：吉田松陰(1830-1859),名矩方,號(hào)松陰、二十一回猛士等。出身長(zhǎng)州藩武士家庭,為幕末重要思想家和志士。曾師從佐久間象山。1853年企圖秘密搭乘俄艦出洋考察未果。1854年再度踏海以圖登上培理艦隊(duì),又未果,自首入獄。次年主持松下村塾,培養(yǎng)了山縣有朋、高杉晉作、伊藤博文等維新人才。1859年因“安政大獄”遭處決。 吉田松陰的對(duì)外思想,既保留了以往思想家那種保守的堅(jiān)決擊退外國(guó)來(lái)航的主張,又有同外國(guó)妥協(xié),進(jìn)行羈縻政策的思想。這種矛盾在同一個(gè)人身上體現(xiàn),究其原因,首先在于日本所面臨的局勢(shì)在吉田松陰前后期有重大不同,這直接影響了吉田松陰面對(duì)不同局勢(shì)在思想上所做出的不同反應(yīng)；其次,吉田松陰在其人生的前后期的閱歷與所接觸的日本思想界人士也迥然相異。這也導(dǎo)致了吉田松陰在不同時(shí)期的對(duì)外思想有較大差異。在前期,吉田松陰接受了較好的家學(xué)熏陶,具有良好的山鹿流兵學(xué)的基礎(chǔ),在對(duì)外思想上的表現(xiàn)仍然以堅(jiān)決擊退外國(guó)來(lái)航的主戰(zhàn)思想為主,但同時(shí)也受到了山田亦介洋學(xué)色彩的啟蒙,開(kāi)始對(duì)外國(guó)有所關(guān)注；因此前期吉田松陰的思想雖然有其強(qiáng)硬的一面,但并非完全對(duì)西方無(wú)知。在后期,吉田松陰經(jīng)歷了多次游歷,涉足日本九洲、東北等地,親見(jiàn)培理等西方艦隊(duì)來(lái)航日本,這對(duì)吉田松陰的沖擊極大；同時(shí),開(kāi)始接觸佐久間象山等日本思想界名人,并接觸了魏源等中國(guó)學(xué)者的思想,這也對(duì)其思想的開(kāi)闊與成熟起到了作用�？梢哉f(shuō),吉田松陰的思想雖然表面上攘夷與開(kāi)國(guó)互為矛盾,但皆有其產(chǎn)生的土壤與孕育的環(huán)境。是一種互為融合的關(guān)系。 本文主要以吉田松陰對(duì)外思想為著眼點(diǎn),關(guān)注吉田松陰前后期對(duì)外思想之流變,探討影響其思想變化的諸多原因,以此展現(xiàn)一個(gè)較為全面的吉田松陰對(duì)外思想的框架。
[Abstract]:Yoshida pine yin (1830-1859), famous moment square, no. Matsuyin, 21 Hui Meng Shi and so on. Born in the family of Changzhou Samurai, he was an important thinker and scholar at the end of the curtain. In 1853, he tried to make a secret expedition aboard a Russian ship. In 1854, he made another attempt to board the Pilgrim Fleet and surrendered to prison. The following year presided over Matsushita Village Shuk, trained Shan County friends, Gao Shanjin, Ito Bo Wen and other reform talent. 1859 for "Anzheng prison" was executed. Yoshida Songyin's thought on foreign affairs not only retains the conservative ideas of thinkers in the past, but also has the idea of compromising with foreign countries and carrying out Jimi policy. This kind of contradiction is embodied in the same person, the reason lies in the fact that the situation faced by Japan is very different in the former and the later period of Yoshida Matsuyin, which directly affects the different reactions made by Yoshida to different situations. Secondly, Yoshida's experience in the first and later stages of his life is quite different from that of the Japanese thinkers. This also led to the Yoshida Songyin in different periods of great differences in external thinking. In the early stage, Yoshida Songyin received better family education, had a good base of mountain deer stream and warfare, and still manifested himself in his foreign thought of firmly repelling the main battle thought of coming to sea from foreign countries. But at the same time also by Yamada Yisuke foreign color enlightenment, began to pay attention to foreign countries; So early Yoshida's ideas, though tough, are not entirely ignorant of the West. In the later period, Yoshida went on many trips, set foot in Kyushu, northeast and other places of Japan, personally saw Pili and other western fleets to sail Japan, which had a great impact on Yoshida Matsuyin; At the same time, he began to contact the famous people in the Japanese ideological circles, such as the Saudyudao Mountain, and the Chinese scholars such as Wei Yuan, which also played a role in the broadening and maturity of his thoughts. It can be said that the ideas of Yoshida pine-yin are contradictory on the surface with the founding of the country, but they all have their soil and breeding environment. Is a kind of fusion relationship. This paper focuses on the external thought of Yoshida Songyin, pays close attention to the evolution of his external thought in the former and later periods, and probes into the reasons that affect the change of his thought, so as to show a more comprehensive frame of his external thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K313

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