1988年洛克比空難事件及美國(guó)的對(duì)策
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-18 19:02
【摘要】： 1988年洛克比空難發(fā)生后一直是國(guó)際關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),其原因有兩點(diǎn):其一是牽扯的國(guó)家眾多,為了偵破此案,美英兩國(guó)聯(lián)合國(guó)際刑警組織在瑞典、芬蘭還有馬耳他等國(guó)搜集證據(jù)查找線索,這在國(guó)際關(guān)系中是比較少見(jiàn)的。其二是訴訟時(shí)間漫長(zhǎng),從1991年美英兩國(guó)認(rèn)定是利比亞所為開(kāi)始到2003年洛克比案件正式結(jié)束,中間長(zhǎng)達(dá)12年的法律訴訟,這在國(guó)際案例中也是不常見(jiàn)的。 本文從洛克比空難的背景、事情調(diào)查的經(jīng)過(guò)和官司的最終解決三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述。第一部分主要著重分析了美國(guó)政府與卡扎菲政權(quán)的關(guān)系:利比亞王權(quán)統(tǒng)治時(shí)期雙方互有所求,利比亞主要依賴美國(guó)的軍事保護(hù)和先進(jìn)的石油加工技術(shù)。美國(guó)主要是利用利比亞獨(dú)特的軍事戰(zhàn)略位置和豐富的石油資源與蘇聯(lián)進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)霸。為了爭(zhēng)取美國(guó)的支持,利比亞王國(guó)政府將大量民族權(quán)益出賣給美國(guó)公司,再加之政府管理不善導(dǎo)致貪污盛行,廣大人民十分不滿卡扎菲就是利用人民的這種情緒發(fā)動(dòng)軍事政變,推翻了利比亞王國(guó)政府。隨后卡扎菲高舉阿拉伯民族主義的旗幟,清除了美國(guó)在利比亞的經(jīng)濟(jì)政治勢(shì)力,美利關(guān)系隨之惡化這為洛克比空難的發(fā)生打下伏筆。 第二部分主要是美英兩國(guó)對(duì)事件的調(diào)查,其中詳細(xì)敘述了對(duì)整個(gè)事故調(diào)查的經(jīng)過(guò).調(diào)查的線索先是在蘇格蘭的案發(fā)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)通過(guò)對(duì)飛機(jī)殘骸和旅客遺物的檢驗(yàn),確認(rèn)是高性能炸彈爆炸引起的飛機(jī)失事。在調(diào)查的過(guò)程中線索也延伸到了海外,先后有十多個(gè)國(guó)家與此案有關(guān)。美英調(diào)查人員克服重重困難最終認(rèn)定是利比亞情報(bào)人員所為。 文章最后是洛克比案件的終結(jié),由于在確認(rèn)事故責(zé)任之初的時(shí)候,美國(guó)就和卡扎菲政權(quán)存在著嚴(yán)重的分歧,其焦點(diǎn)是圍繞對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人的跨國(guó)引渡。美國(guó)堅(jiān)持在蘇格蘭或美國(guó)進(jìn)行審判,利比亞以本國(guó)法律不引渡本國(guó)公民到外國(guó)審判為由拒絕了美英的要求,美英便利用安理會(huì)對(duì)利比亞進(jìn)行制裁。雙方的法律訴訟長(zhǎng)達(dá)十多年之久,直到2003年雙方都做出讓步的情況下洛克比事件才就此告以段落。
[Abstract]:Since the Lockerbie air crash in 1988, it has been the focus of international attention for two reasons: first, there are many countries involved. In order to solve the case, the United States and the United Kingdom International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) in Sweden. Finland, Malta and other countries collect evidence to find clues, which is relatively rare in international relations. The second is the long time of litigation, from the beginning of the United States and Britain to Libya in 1991 to the official end of the Lockerbie case in 2003, 12 years of legal proceedings, which is not common in international cases. This paper discusses the background of Lockerbie's air crash, the course of investigation and the final settlement of the lawsuit. The first part mainly analyzes the relationship between the United States government and Gaddafi's regime: Libya and Libya, Wang Quan rule, both sides have mutual needs, Libya mainly depends on the military protection of the United States and advanced oil processing technology. The United States mainly used Libya's unique military strategic position and abundant oil resources to compete for hegemony with the Soviet Union. In order to win the support of the United States, the Government of the Kingdom of Libya sold a large number of national rights and interests to American companies. In addition, the mismanagement of the government led to widespread corruption. The broad masses of the people were very dissatisfied that Gaddafi was using this sentiment of the people to launch a military coup. Overthrew the Libyan government. The subsequent deterioration of relations between the United States and Libya after Gaddafi held high the banner of Arab nationalism and removed American economic and political power in Libya set the stage for the Lockerbie air crash. The second part is mainly about the investigation of the incident between the United States and the United Kingdom, in which the whole accident investigation is described in detail. The lead of the investigation was to examine the wreckage of the plane and the remains of the passengers at the scene of the attack in Scotland, confirming that it was a plane crash caused by the explosion of a high-performance bomb. In the course of the investigation also extended to overseas, more than a dozen countries have been linked to the case. Us and British investigators overcome difficulties and ultimately determined that Libyan intelligence had done it. Finally, the end of the Lockerbie case, because at the beginning of the confirmation of responsibility for the accident, the United States and Gaddafi regime have serious differences, its focus is on the transnational extradition of suspects. The United States has insisted on trials in Scotland or the United States, and Libya has used the Security Council to impose sanctions on Libya after Libya refused to request the United States and Britain to try its citizens abroad on the grounds that it did not extradite its citizens. The two sides filed more than a decade of legal proceedings until 2003, when both sides made concessions before the Lockerbie incident was brought to an end.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K153
本文編號(hào)：2386351
[Abstract]:Since the Lockerbie air crash in 1988, it has been the focus of international attention for two reasons: first, there are many countries involved. In order to solve the case, the United States and the United Kingdom International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) in Sweden. Finland, Malta and other countries collect evidence to find clues, which is relatively rare in international relations. The second is the long time of litigation, from the beginning of the United States and Britain to Libya in 1991 to the official end of the Lockerbie case in 2003, 12 years of legal proceedings, which is not common in international cases. This paper discusses the background of Lockerbie's air crash, the course of investigation and the final settlement of the lawsuit. The first part mainly analyzes the relationship between the United States government and Gaddafi's regime: Libya and Libya, Wang Quan rule, both sides have mutual needs, Libya mainly depends on the military protection of the United States and advanced oil processing technology. The United States mainly used Libya's unique military strategic position and abundant oil resources to compete for hegemony with the Soviet Union. In order to win the support of the United States, the Government of the Kingdom of Libya sold a large number of national rights and interests to American companies. In addition, the mismanagement of the government led to widespread corruption. The broad masses of the people were very dissatisfied that Gaddafi was using this sentiment of the people to launch a military coup. Overthrew the Libyan government. The subsequent deterioration of relations between the United States and Libya after Gaddafi held high the banner of Arab nationalism and removed American economic and political power in Libya set the stage for the Lockerbie air crash. The second part is mainly about the investigation of the incident between the United States and the United Kingdom, in which the whole accident investigation is described in detail. The lead of the investigation was to examine the wreckage of the plane and the remains of the passengers at the scene of the attack in Scotland, confirming that it was a plane crash caused by the explosion of a high-performance bomb. In the course of the investigation also extended to overseas, more than a dozen countries have been linked to the case. Us and British investigators overcome difficulties and ultimately determined that Libyan intelligence had done it. Finally, the end of the Lockerbie case, because at the beginning of the confirmation of responsibility for the accident, the United States and Gaddafi regime have serious differences, its focus is on the transnational extradition of suspects. The United States has insisted on trials in Scotland or the United States, and Libya has used the Security Council to impose sanctions on Libya after Libya refused to request the United States and Britain to try its citizens abroad on the grounds that it did not extradite its citizens. The two sides filed more than a decade of legal proceedings until 2003, when both sides made concessions before the Lockerbie incident was brought to an end.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K153
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 何玲;審判公開(kāi)的公共秩序例外[D];西南政法大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2386351
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