【摘要】： 猶太人在俄國一直是比較特殊的群體,他們在宗教信仰、生活方式、教育體制及社團內(nèi)部的自治傳統(tǒng)等方面都與俄羅斯人大不相同,格格不入。不過猶太人又具有十分先進的經(jīng)濟觀念,往往會為俄國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展帶來很大好處。從18世紀(jì)開始俄國每屆沙皇政府都對猶太人制定了不盡相同的政策,按照時間順序,這些政策有驅(qū)逐、利用、宗教同化、文化同化、解放以及限制。從19世紀(jì)80年代開始,俄國反猶主義情緒高漲,接連發(fā)生了大規(guī)模的暴力反猶浪潮,迫使俄國未同化的猶太人和已同化了的猶太人進行反思。他們開始尋找出路。俄國猶太人最后確定了三條道路:一是移民美國,二是移民巴勒斯坦而實現(xiàn)復(fù)國,三是在俄國推翻沙皇專制制度建立公平、正義的社會主義國家,以爭取猶太人的平等權(quán)利。這三條道路俄國猶太人都嘗試了,惟有第三條道路行不通,其中的原因,值得我們深思。 本文以時間為序分六個部分來研究俄國猶太人問題。 第一部分,猶太人在俄國的起源。 第二部分,18世紀(jì)到19世紀(jì)上半葉沙皇政府對猶太人政策的演變。 第三部分,俄國大改革時代的猶太人政策。 第四部分,亞歷山大三世與尼古拉二世時期對猶太人的政策和暴力反猶浪潮。 第五部分,俄國猶太人尋找出路。 第六部分,結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:Jews have always been a special group in Russia. They are different from the Russian people's Congress in religious belief, way of life, educational system and the tradition of autonomy within the community. But Jews also have very advanced economic concepts, often bring great benefits to the Russian economy. Since the 18th century, every tsar government in Russia has made different policies for Jews. In chronological order, these policies include expulsion, utilization, religious assimilation, cultural assimilation, liberation, and restriction. Since the 1880s, the anti-Semitism sentiment in Russia has been rising, and a large-scale wave of violence and anti-Semitism has occurred in succession, forcing the Russian unassimilated Jews and the assimilated Jews to reflect on it. They began to look for a way out. Russian Jews finally decided on three ways: one is to emigrate to the United States, the other is to emigrate to Palestine to achieve national restoration; third, to establish a fair and just socialist country in Russia to overthrow the czarist autocratic system, in order to strive for the equal rights of Jews. All three paths were tried by Russian Jews, but the third one was not feasible, for reasons worth pondering. In this paper, time is divided into six parts to study the Russian Jewish problem. The first part, the origin of the Jews in Russia. The second part, the evolution of the policy of the tsar government towards the Jews from the 18 th century to the first half of the 19 th century. The third part is the Jewish policy of the Russian Great Reformation. The fourth part, Alexander III and Nicholas II period to the Jewish policy and the violent anti-Semitic wave. The fifth part, the Russian Jews to find a way out. The sixth part, conclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K512.44

【引證文獻】

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1 湯洵;;哈爾濱俄裔猶太人族群的形成[J];學(xué)術(shù)交流;2011年12期

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