【摘要】：自從第二圣殿被毀之后,猶太人開始散居于世界各地。1066年,追隨著諾曼征服,猶太人開始移居到英國,并逐漸在英國各地開展貿(mào)易,建立社團。 早期移居英國的猶太商人憑借對王室的財稅貢獻而贏得王室的寬容與保護。國王授予猶太人基本的生存權(quán),猶太社團得以不斷擴張,但同時王室也通過建立檔案柜與財政署體系剝削猶太人;基督教會對猶太人早期的態(tài)度比較寬容,隨著羅馬天主教皇勢力的擴張,教皇頒布一系列反猶政策,英國教會也逐漸對猶太人加以限制和迫害;不同的信仰和生活方式導(dǎo)致了猶太人與英國普通民眾之間的隔膜,隨著教會的反猶宣傳逐漸滲透到普通民眾之間,最終導(dǎo)致反猶情緒在普通民眾之間蔓延。 由于王室的不斷剝削,猶太人對王室財政支持能力逐步下降;猶太人所從事的放貸業(yè)造成的土地流轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)象逐漸引起王室憂患;愛德華一世試圖通過改宗所改造猶太人,由于猶太人堅定的傳統(tǒng)信仰使其政策最終失敗;而頻繁出現(xiàn)的血祭誹謗使普通民眾的反猶情緒日益高漲,這一切最終導(dǎo)致愛德華一世在1290年全面驅(qū)逐猶太人。11-13世紀英國猶太社團的遭遇成了歐洲中世紀時期猶太人命運的一個縮影。
[Abstract]:After the destruction of the second Temple, the Jews began to live around the world. In 1066, following the Norman Conquest, the Jews began to emigrate to England, and gradually began trading and establishing societies throughout England. The early Jewish merchants who emigrated to England won the royal family's tolerance and protection for their tax contribution to the royal family. The king granted Jews the basic right to survive, and the Jewish community was able to expand continuously, but the royal family also exploited the Jews through the establishment of archives cabinet and treasury system. The early attitude of the Christian Church towards Jews was more tolerant. With the expansion of Roman Catholic power, the Pope promulgated a series of anti-Semitic policies, and the British Church gradually restricted and persecuted Jews. Different beliefs and ways of life led to the separation between Jews and the ordinary people in England. With the anti-Semitic propaganda of the church gradually penetrated into the ordinary people, and eventually led to the spread of anti-Semitic sentiment among the ordinary people. Because of the exploitation of the royal family, the ability of the Jews to support the royal family has gradually declined, and the phenomenon of land circulation caused by the loan industry caused by the Jews has gradually caused the anxiety of the royal family. Edward I tried to transform the Jews through conversion, and his policy failed because of the Jews' firm traditional beliefs. And the frequent occurrence of slander of blood sacrifices has led to the rising anti-Semitic sentiment among the general public. All this eventually led to Edward I's total expulsion of Jews in 1290. The experience of the English Jewish community in the 11-13 th century epitomized the fate of Jews during the Middle Ages in Europe.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K561

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