俄國貴族與革命
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-10 20:07
【摘要】： 貴族是俄國古老的社會上層等級,始終與國家政權(quán)保持著緊密的關(guān)系,長期是俄羅斯國家和沙皇專制制度的社會支柱,也是其最大受益者。然而自18世紀下半期起,在西方啟蒙精神的沖擊下,這個特權(quán)等級中卻產(chǎn)生了俄國專制制度的第一批反對者,并成為19世紀俄國各種革命活動的倡導(dǎo)者和組織者。俄國大改革以后,貴族等級在經(jīng)濟上雖因農(nóng)奴解放、資本主義經(jīng)濟沖擊而分化衰落,然而作為個人,大部分貴族則成功地融入其他社會階層和職業(yè)群體之中。而在政治上,俄國貴族等級的政治活躍性在這一時期明顯下降,甚至對受到革命沖擊的沙皇政權(quán)冷漠旁觀。到20世紀初,已失去貴族這一社會支柱的沙皇政權(quán)在社會危機加劇的情況下,對專制權(quán)力這一根本問題上仍拒絕退讓,最終為人民革命所推翻。而作為原有統(tǒng)治階層的貴族,自然無法全身而退,也在革命的打擊下歸于滅亡。 本文共分為六個部分: 第一部分,俄國貴族的起源與演變。 第二部分,十八世紀下半期俄國貴族的社會心理變化。 第三部分,貴族革命——十二月黨人起義。 第四部分,大改革后貴族等級的衰落。 第五部分,貴族與20世紀初的革命。 第六部分,結(jié)論。 創(chuàng)新之處在于:本文系統(tǒng)地論述了俄國貴族的演變,及其與革命的相互關(guān)系,排除對貴族的等級偏見,給予俄國革命時期的貴族以客觀的評價。
[Abstract]:The aristocrat is the ancient upper class of Russian society and always maintains close relations with the state power. It has long been the social pillar and the biggest beneficiary of the Russian state and the czarist autocratic system. However, since the second half of the 18th century, under the impact of the western enlightenment spirit, the first opponents of the Russian autocratic system have emerged in this privileged class, and they have become the initiators and organizers of various revolutionary activities in Russia in the 19th century. After the Russian Great Reformation, although the aristocracy was divided and declined because of the liberation of serfs and the impact of capitalist economy, as individuals, most of the aristocrats were successfully integrated into other social strata and professional groups. In politics, the political activity of the Russian aristocracy declined obviously in this period, even indifferent to the revolutionary czar regime. At the beginning of the 20th century, the czar regime, which had lost the aristocrat as a social pillar, refused to give way to the fundamental issue of autocratic power under the condition of the aggravation of the social crisis, and was finally overthrown by the people's revolution. As the original ruling class of aristocrats, naturally unable to retreat, but also under the blow of the revolution to perish. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part, the origin and evolution of Russian aristocracy. The second part, the social and psychological changes of Russian aristocracy in the second half of the eighteenth century. The third part, the aristocratic revolution-the Communist Party uprising in December. The fourth part, the decline of the aristocracy after the Great Reform. The fifth part, aristocrats and the revolution in the early 20 th century. The sixth part, conclusion. The innovation lies in: this paper systematically discusses the evolution of the Russian aristocrats and their relationship with the revolution, eliminates the hierarchy bias against the nobility, and gives an objective evaluation to the nobles in the period of the Russian Revolution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K512.46
本文編號：2371130
[Abstract]:The aristocrat is the ancient upper class of Russian society and always maintains close relations with the state power. It has long been the social pillar and the biggest beneficiary of the Russian state and the czarist autocratic system. However, since the second half of the 18th century, under the impact of the western enlightenment spirit, the first opponents of the Russian autocratic system have emerged in this privileged class, and they have become the initiators and organizers of various revolutionary activities in Russia in the 19th century. After the Russian Great Reformation, although the aristocracy was divided and declined because of the liberation of serfs and the impact of capitalist economy, as individuals, most of the aristocrats were successfully integrated into other social strata and professional groups. In politics, the political activity of the Russian aristocracy declined obviously in this period, even indifferent to the revolutionary czar regime. At the beginning of the 20th century, the czar regime, which had lost the aristocrat as a social pillar, refused to give way to the fundamental issue of autocratic power under the condition of the aggravation of the social crisis, and was finally overthrown by the people's revolution. As the original ruling class of aristocrats, naturally unable to retreat, but also under the blow of the revolution to perish. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part, the origin and evolution of Russian aristocracy. The second part, the social and psychological changes of Russian aristocracy in the second half of the eighteenth century. The third part, the aristocratic revolution-the Communist Party uprising in December. The fourth part, the decline of the aristocracy after the Great Reform. The fifth part, aristocrats and the revolution in the early 20 th century. The sixth part, conclusion. The innovation lies in: this paper systematically discusses the evolution of the Russian aristocrats and their relationship with the revolution, eliminates the hierarchy bias against the nobility, and gives an objective evaluation to the nobles in the period of the Russian Revolution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K512.46
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條
1 張廣翔;帝俄時期的社會結(jié)構(gòu)和社會流動[J];吉林大學(xué)社會科學(xué)學(xué)報;2001年03期
2 張廣翔;十九世紀下半期俄國貴族資產(chǎn)階級化歷史條件初論[J];龍江社會科學(xué);1994年04期
3 張德敬;論農(nóng)奴制改革后俄國專制制度的演變[J];南昌大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2004年03期
4 郭響宏;;十九世紀早期俄國官僚制度與官僚階層問題述論[J];陜西教育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2006年02期
5 王紹章;從封閉向開放的漸次拓展──析18世紀俄國貴族的行為文化[J];史學(xué)集刊;2000年04期
6 張廣翔,劉文山;19世紀俄國官吏研究[J];史學(xué)集刊;2001年01期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 張宗華;18世紀俄國改革與貴族[D];武漢大學(xué);2005年
，本文編號：2371130
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2371130.html
最近更新
教材專著
