兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之間美國的軍事思想
[Abstract]:The 20 years between World War I and World War II was a turbulent period in the modern history of the world. The unprecedented economic crisis, like an earthquake, rocked the economies of capitalist countries. The contradictions among the imperialist countries have become more intense than ever. In order to get rid of the influence of economic crisis, the big countries rearmament, trying to find a way out through war. The birth of the fascist freak enveloped the whole world with the cloud of a new world war. The grim situation has deeply influenced the development of American military thought. During World War I, the United States took on a superpower posture politically, militarily and economically. However, in the process of the Paris Peace Conference and the establishment of the League of Nations, the United States failed to gain control of world political affairs because of the resistance of Britain and France, and its attempt to be a world hegemon was thwarted. In order to maintain self-esteem, the United States began to pursue a "isolationist" foreign policy, but did not give up its ambition to seize world hegemony. Under the increasingly tense international situation in the 1930s, the United States stepped up its armament construction and made preparations for a new world war. In the turbulent period, the military strategic thought of the United States has undergone a fundamental change, from a simple military strategy to a comprehensive overall strategy in the political, diplomatic, military and economic fields. After World War I, the US military set three main strategic objectives: first, to protect the United States mainland and overseas territories from encroachment; second, to prevent Europe from getting involved in the Western Hemisphere; and third, to maintain China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The change of American military strategy also affected the military thought of the United States. The end of the first World War did not put an end to the competition among the great powers, but also increased the strong hatred and vengeance of the defeated countries towards the victors, and the impact of the world economic crisis, which led to the emergence of fascism between Germany, Italy and Japan. A new war is brewing. All countries are preparing for war. In addition, the rapid development of science and technology in the world after World War I also reflected the tremendous growth in the military field, aircraft, tanks, new ships and artillery, and various weapons and equipment. The new situation mentioned above and the severe international situation have greatly affected American military thinking. In the "eventful autumn" between the two world wars, under the dual influence of domestic unrest and international vicissitudes, American military thought developed greatly and made great achievements in adapting to the new situation. The main manifestation is: the military strategic thought of the United States changes to the omni-directional global strategy, and the global strategy has its initial frame. During this period, the United States combined political and diplomatic means, established a consolidated strategic rear, won over allies and served the realization of global strategic objectives. As a result of the formulation of the right strategy. So the United States is strategically prepared for a new world war. When the war broke out, the United States quickly entered the war, and finally won the war. Under the guidance of correct strategic thinking, the United States successfully utilized the international disarmament movement to weaken the naval power of the great powers, and made the United States navy take the first place in the world and gained the naval superiority over the great powers. At the same time, under the guidance of Mitchell's "Air Force first" ideology, the United States Air Force quickly rose to prominence. In addition, the United States also adopted the policy of active combat readiness, formulated the policy and plan of general mobilization of the country, and carried out universal military training for civilians. These are all ready for the coming world war.
【學位授予單位】:山東師范大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2010
【分類號】:E097.12;K712
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