【摘要】：從國(guó)際關(guān)系理論的角度分析,20世紀(jì)30年代,蘇聯(lián)的主要外交目標(biāo)是為解決其安全困境,建立歐洲集體安全體系而進(jìn)行均勢(shì)外交,以應(yīng)對(duì)不斷增長(zhǎng)的法西斯威脅。而西班牙第二共和國(guó)的成立,則為蘇聯(lián)實(shí)現(xiàn)該目標(biāo)提供了一種途徑。西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,面對(duì)英法的不干涉態(tài)度和德意的強(qiáng)勢(shì)介入,為獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和地緣政治利益,蘇聯(lián)決定援助第二共和國(guó)。然而,蘇聯(lián)介入西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn),一定程度上與構(gòu)建集體安全產(chǎn)生矛盾,為平衡這種矛盾所做的努力,不可避免的體現(xiàn)在其對(duì)共和國(guó)的具體政策中。 蘇聯(lián)對(duì)第二共和國(guó)的政策一直保持謹(jǐn)慎、適度和務(wù)實(shí)的姿態(tài)。外交政策始終隨著時(shí)局的變化適時(shí)調(diào)整,政策的執(zhí)行也由蘇聯(lián)和共產(chǎn)國(guó)際共同完成。蘇聯(lián)的援助確實(shí)對(duì)維系共和國(guó)的存在產(chǎn)生了重要作用。然而,隨著法西斯勢(shì)力的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)張和自身安全形勢(shì)的日益惡化,蘇聯(lián)為規(guī)避更多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),不愿意繼續(xù)對(duì)共和國(guó)進(jìn)行政治投資,對(duì)共和國(guó)的援助力度隨著時(shí)間的推移不斷減少。英法的綏靖行為和禍水東引的企圖最終使蘇聯(lián)逐步放棄追求集體安全的構(gòu)想,轉(zhuǎn)而與德國(guó)接觸以獲得安全保障。從本質(zhì)上看,蘇聯(lián)的介入行為可理解為一場(chǎng)政治博弈,但結(jié)果與預(yù)期有一定的差距。蘇聯(lián)有限的實(shí)力與較高的政治規(guī)劃間的矛盾,是上述現(xiàn)象的主要原因。 本文正文大體分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分主要講述內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前蘇聯(lián)對(duì)西班牙第二共和國(guó)的外交政策。重點(diǎn)回顧蘇聯(lián)前期的外交特點(diǎn),以及蘇聯(lián)和共產(chǎn)國(guó)際針對(duì)共和國(guó)的外交努力；第二部分側(cè)重分析內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前后蘇聯(lián)的反應(yīng)與參戰(zhàn)動(dòng)機(jī),共和國(guó)的外交選擇,綜合多種因素闡明蘇聯(lián)干涉的原因；第三部分著重介紹蘇聯(lián)援助的內(nèi)容和影響；第四部分主要闡明蘇聯(lián)對(duì)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間兩屆共和國(guó)政府的態(tài)度,分析蘇聯(lián)對(duì)其政策的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),解釋政策轉(zhuǎn)變的原因。結(jié)語(yǔ)部分總結(jié)蘇聯(lián)對(duì)西班牙第二共和國(guó)外交政策的實(shí)質(zhì)與斯大林的外交性格。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of international relations theory, the Soviet Union's main diplomatic goal in 1930s was to solve its security dilemma and establish a European collective security system to deal with the growing threat of fascism. The establishment of the second Spanish republic provided a way for the Soviet Union to achieve that goal. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union decided to assist the second Republic in the face of the non-interference attitude of Britain and France and the strong intervention of Germany and Italy. However, the Soviet Union's intervention in the Spanish Civil War, to some extent, had contradictions with the construction of collective security, and the efforts to balance this contradiction were inevitably reflected in its specific policy towards the Republic. Soviet policy towards the second Republic has been cautious, modest and pragmatic. Foreign policy has always been adjusted with the changes in the current situation, and the implementation of the policy was completed by the Soviet Union and the Comintern. Soviet aid did play an important role in maintaining the Republic's existence. However, with the further expansion of fascist forces and the worsening of their own security situation, in order to avoid more risks, the Soviet Union was unwilling to continue to make political investment in the Republic, and the aid to the Republic continued to decrease with the passage of time. The appeasement of Britain and France and the attempt of mischief led the Soviet Union gradually to abandon the concept of collective security and to contact Germany in order to secure security. In essence, the intervention of the Soviet Union can be understood as a political game, but the result is far from expected. The contradiction between the limited strength of the Soviet Union and higher political planning is the main reason for this phenomenon. The text of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly describes the foreign policy of the former Soviet Union to the second Republic of Spain. The diplomatic characteristics of the former Soviet Union and the diplomatic efforts of the Soviet Union and the Communist International against the Republic are emphatically reviewed. The second part focuses on the analysis of Soviet Union's reaction and motive before and after the civil war, the Republic's diplomatic choice, and the explanation of the causes of Soviet intervention, the third part mainly introduces the content and influence of Soviet Union's aid. The fourth part mainly expounds the Soviet Union's attitude towards the two Republican governments during the civil war, analyzes the development of Soviet policy, and explains the reasons for the policy change. The conclusion part summarizes the essence of the Soviet Union's foreign policy towards the second Republic of Spain and Stalin's diplomatic character.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K512.5;K551

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