【摘要】：鍍金與進(jìn)步時(shí)代是指19世紀(jì)后期到20世紀(jì)早期美國(guó)社會(huì)工業(yè)化快速發(fā)展的時(shí)期。伴隨著工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,女性勞工的隊(duì)伍也相應(yīng)壯大起來。女性勞動(dòng)力的來源主要有以下四個(gè)方面:其一,新來美國(guó)的南歐和東歐移民中的女性。其二,美國(guó)農(nóng)村地區(qū)進(jìn)城務(wù)工的未婚女性。其三,中產(chǎn)階級(jí)未婚女性。其四,黑人女性。這一時(shí)期女工的主體是年輕的未婚女性。女工數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)是客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)條件與女性工作意愿相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。 受傳統(tǒng)觀念和種族、血統(tǒng)以及缺少技能等因素的限制,女工的擇業(yè)面很窄,大多數(shù)女工分布在技術(shù)含量低的行業(yè)。女工工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、條件差、工資低�！捌鳌钡匠鞘械奈椿榕詡冏庾〉姆孔雍�(jiǎn)陋,衛(wèi)生條件差,即使這樣所掙的工資也抵不住消費(fèi)。女工問題引起了全社會(huì)的關(guān)注,不同社會(huì)團(tuán)體紛紛發(fā)表不同的看法。進(jìn)步主義者認(rèn)為女工的這種工作狀況會(huì)影響她們的身體健康和道德品質(zhì),提倡立法保護(hù)女工;激進(jìn)的女權(quán)主義者鼓勵(lì)婦女工作,倡導(dǎo)擴(kuò)大女工的工作機(jī)會(huì);美國(guó)勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)(AFL)把女工看作對(duì)男性工作的威脅,建議把女工從勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)中驅(qū)逐出去;雇主反對(duì)女工改革。在進(jìn)步主義者的推動(dòng)下,政府出臺(tái)了保護(hù)女工立法,包括工作時(shí)間立法和最低工資立法。
[Abstract]:The age of gold plating and progress refers to the period of rapid development of American social industrialization from the late 19 th century to the early 20 th century. With the rapid development of industrial economy, the female labor force is also growing. There are four main sources of female labor force: first, female immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Second, unmarried women working in rural areas of the United States. Third, middle-class unmarried women. Fourth, black women. The main body of female workers in this period was young unmarried women. The increase in the number of female workers is the result of the combination of objective economic and social conditions and women's willingness to work. Limited by traditional ideas, race, lineage and lack of skills, the choice of employment for female workers is very narrow, and most women workers are distributed in low-skilled industries. Women workers work long hours, poor conditions and low wages. Unmarried women living in cities live in poor rental houses and poor sanitation, even if they earn less than they can afford. The issue of women workers has attracted the attention of the whole society, different social groups have expressed different views. Progressives argue that such working conditions of women workers have an impact on their physical health and moral character and advocate legislation to protect them; radical feminists encourage women to work and promote greater opportunities for women workers; The American Confederation of Labor (AFL) sees women workers as a threat to men's jobs and recommends expelling women workers from the labour market; employers oppose the reform of women workers. Driven by progressives, the government introduced legislation to protect women workers, including legislation on working hours and minimum wages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5

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本文編號(hào)：2345072