英國維多利亞時期中產(chǎn)階級婦女就業(yè)狀況研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-18 18:30
【摘要】：維多利亞時期是英國資本主義發(fā)展史上的“黃金時期”,工業(yè)革命的發(fā)展給該時期的英國帶來了史無前例的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會變化,處于這一轉(zhuǎn)型時期的英國中產(chǎn)階級女性,其生活就業(yè)狀況呈現(xiàn)出新的特點。維多利亞早期,工業(yè)革命的發(fā)展使生產(chǎn)場所與生活空間日益分離,“婦女的位置在家里”的傳統(tǒng)觀念得以強化,作為家庭地位的象征,中產(chǎn)階級婦女逐漸退出傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域,更不允許外出工作。即使有部分中產(chǎn)階級女性外出工作,可供她們選擇的職業(yè)領(lǐng)域也非常狹窄,只能從事家庭教師和裁縫等職業(yè)。維多利亞中期,英國經(jīng)濟的繁榮為中產(chǎn)階級女性進入職業(yè)領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造了條件。那些受過教育,渴望實現(xiàn)自我發(fā)展的女性對單調(diào)狹隘的家庭生活日益不滿,她們沖出家庭的樊籬,推動了慈善運動的發(fā)展,并從中開辟出新的職業(yè),女性專業(yè)教師和護士就在這時出現(xiàn)了。維多利亞晚期,隨著第二次科技革命的深入發(fā)展,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)和婦女運動蓬勃興起,推動了人類生活日益社會化和女子受教育水平的提高,從而帶來了新的就業(yè)機會。中產(chǎn)階級女性除了進入傳統(tǒng)的教師和護理職業(yè),還進入了原來由男性壟斷的醫(yī)學(xué)、制藥、圖書管理、辦公室、商店等職業(yè)領(lǐng)域。她們擺脫了依附狀態(tài),成為自尊、自強、自立的新女性,成為英國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不可缺少的重要部分,自身地位得以提高。中產(chǎn)階級職業(yè)女性作為婦女運動的倡導(dǎo)者和主力軍,推動了婦女運動的發(fā)展,為婦女的進一步解放奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 本文以唯物史觀為指導(dǎo),對維多利亞時期中產(chǎn)階級婦女的職業(yè)演進歷程進行考察和分析,詳細闡述其就業(yè)的基本狀況、特點,探討論證該時期中產(chǎn)階級婦女的職業(yè)變遷與社會經(jīng)濟、政治和文化變動的相關(guān)聯(lián)系。社會政治、經(jīng)濟和文化變動從根本上制約和影響著婦女的生活就業(yè)狀況,但她們并不是被動地承受社會變動的后果,她們的就業(yè)追求和努力反過來也對社會發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重要影響。
[Abstract]:The Victorian period was a "golden age" in the history of British capitalism. The development of the industrial revolution brought unprecedented economic development and social change to Britain. Its life and employment situation presents new characteristics. In the early Victorian era, the development of the industrial revolution made the place of production increasingly separate from the living space, and the traditional concept of "the place of women at home" was strengthened. As a symbol of family status, middle-class women gradually withdrew from the traditional field of production. It is not allowed to go out to work. Even if some middle-class women go out to work, their choice of careers is narrow, with jobs such as tutoring and tailoring. In the mid-Victorian era, Britain's economic boom created conditions for middle-class women to enter the profession. The educated women who were eager to achieve self-development were increasingly dissatisfied with the monotonous and narrow family life. They rushed out of the family fence, spurred the development of the charity movement, and opened up new careers from it. This is when female professional teachers and nurses appear. In the late Victorian period, with the further development of the second revolution of science and technology, the tertiary industry and the women's movement flourished, which promoted the socialization of human life and the improvement of the education level of women, thus bringing new employment opportunities. In addition to their traditional teaching and nursing careers, middle-class women have entered male-monopolized fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, book management, offices, shops and so on. They got rid of dependency and became new women with self-esteem, self-improvement and independence. They became an indispensable part of British economic development and their status was improved. As the advocate and main force of the women's movement, middle-class working women promoted the development of the women's movement and laid the foundation for the further emancipation of women. Guided by historical materialism, this paper examines and analyzes the career evolution of women in the Victorian middle class, and expounds in detail the basic conditions and characteristics of their employment. This paper discusses the relationship between the career changes of middle-class women and the social, economic, political and cultural changes in this period. Socio-political, economic and cultural changes fundamentally constrain and influence the living and employment situation of women, but they are not passively exposed to the consequences of social change, Their employment pursuit and efforts in turn have an important impact on social development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K561.4
本文編號：2340802
[Abstract]:The Victorian period was a "golden age" in the history of British capitalism. The development of the industrial revolution brought unprecedented economic development and social change to Britain. Its life and employment situation presents new characteristics. In the early Victorian era, the development of the industrial revolution made the place of production increasingly separate from the living space, and the traditional concept of "the place of women at home" was strengthened. As a symbol of family status, middle-class women gradually withdrew from the traditional field of production. It is not allowed to go out to work. Even if some middle-class women go out to work, their choice of careers is narrow, with jobs such as tutoring and tailoring. In the mid-Victorian era, Britain's economic boom created conditions for middle-class women to enter the profession. The educated women who were eager to achieve self-development were increasingly dissatisfied with the monotonous and narrow family life. They rushed out of the family fence, spurred the development of the charity movement, and opened up new careers from it. This is when female professional teachers and nurses appear. In the late Victorian period, with the further development of the second revolution of science and technology, the tertiary industry and the women's movement flourished, which promoted the socialization of human life and the improvement of the education level of women, thus bringing new employment opportunities. In addition to their traditional teaching and nursing careers, middle-class women have entered male-monopolized fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, book management, offices, shops and so on. They got rid of dependency and became new women with self-esteem, self-improvement and independence. They became an indispensable part of British economic development and their status was improved. As the advocate and main force of the women's movement, middle-class working women promoted the development of the women's movement and laid the foundation for the further emancipation of women. Guided by historical materialism, this paper examines and analyzes the career evolution of women in the Victorian middle class, and expounds in detail the basic conditions and characteristics of their employment. This paper discusses the relationship between the career changes of middle-class women and the social, economic, political and cultural changes in this period. Socio-political, economic and cultural changes fundamentally constrain and influence the living and employment situation of women, but they are not passively exposed to the consequences of social change, Their employment pursuit and efforts in turn have an important impact on social development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K561.4
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條
1 馬瑜;婦女教育與維多利亞女性文學(xué)之興起[J];西南民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社科版);2004年12期
2 潘迎華;;19世紀(jì)英國婦女工資狀況研究[J];浙江教育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2005年06期
3 潘迎華;19世紀(jì)英國女性主義與自由主義關(guān)于婦女勞動權(quán)益思想剖析[J];浙江社會科學(xué);2004年02期
，本文編號：2340802
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