【摘要】：巴拿馬運(yùn)河問(wèn)題是美巴關(guān)系的核心問(wèn)題,而1903年雙方簽署的《海-比諾-瓦里拉條約》是巴拿馬運(yùn)河問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的根源,也是美巴關(guān)系不平等的開(kāi)端。針對(duì)該條約,巴拿馬人民自其簽訂之日便要求將其廢除,并隨后為此展開(kāi)了一系列斗爭(zhēng),直至約翰遜政府時(shí)期美國(guó)才最終與巴拿馬展開(kāi)新約談判。但約翰遜政府時(shí)期的談判并未獲得成功。尼克松上臺(tái)后,巴拿馬運(yùn)河新約談判得以延續(xù),雙方還于1974年2月達(dá)成了至為重要的"八項(xiàng)原則"。但由于尼克松因"水門(mén)事件"而突然辭職,這也宣告了美巴新約談判在其任期內(nèi)不得不以失敗而告終。福特繼任為總統(tǒng)后,不僅保留了尼克松時(shí)期參與巴拿馬運(yùn)河條約談判的所有代表,同時(shí)還基本上沿襲了尼克松時(shí)期關(guān)于巴拿馬運(yùn)河條約談判的相關(guān)政策,并在隨后的談判中依據(jù)所簽署的"八項(xiàng)原則"締結(jié)了一系列"基準(zhǔn)協(xié)議"。不過(guò),隨著談判的深入,雙方在條約期限、運(yùn)河擴(kuò)張等關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題上都不肯讓步,致使談判最終未能達(dá)成協(xié)議,而這也意味著福特時(shí)期的談判同樣以失敗而告終。尼克松-福特時(shí)期的巴拿馬運(yùn)河條約談判作為整個(gè)美巴新約談判中的重要組成部分,往往因未能簽訂重要條約而被忽視。本文以近年來(lái)美國(guó)政府解密檔案中的最新史料為基礎(chǔ),并結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的研究成果,通過(guò)對(duì)尼克松-福特時(shí)期巴拿馬運(yùn)河談判過(guò)程的梳理,進(jìn)而分析該時(shí)期談判失敗的原因、特點(diǎn)及其影響,并揭露美國(guó)追求霸權(quán)主義的這一實(shí)質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:The Panama Canal is the core issue of the US-Pakistan relationship, and the Treaty of Hai-Bino-Valila signed between the two sides in 1903 is the root of the Panama Canal problem and the beginning of the unequal relationship between the United States and Pakistan. The Panamanian people had demanded its abolition since the date of its signing, and a series of struggles ensued until the United States negotiated the New Testament with Panama under the Johnson administration. But negotiations under the Johnson administration were unsuccessful. After Nixon came to power, the New Testament negotiations of the Panama Canal were renewed, and the two sides agreed on the most important "eight principles" in February 1974. But Nixon's sudden resignation over Watergate declared that the New Testament negotiations had to fail during his term. When Ford succeeded him as president, he not only retained all the delegates who participated in the negotiations of the Panama Canal Treaty during the Nixon period, but also basically followed the policy of the Nixon period concerning the Panama Canal Treaty negotiations. In subsequent negotiations, a series of benchmark agreements were concluded on the basis of the eight principles signed. However, as the talks progressed, the two sides refused to budge on key issues such as the duration of the treaty, the expansion of the canal, and so on, resulting in a failure to reach an agreement, which meant that the Ford negotiations also failed. As an important part of the negotiation of the New Testament between the United States and Pakistan, the negotiation of the Panama Canal Treaty during the Nixon-Ford period was often ignored because of its failure to sign an important treaty. This paper, based on the latest historical data from the archives declassified by the US government in recent years, and combined with the existing research results, analyzes the reasons for the failure of the negotiations during the Nixon Ford period by combing through the negotiation process of the Panama Canal during the Nixon Ford period. Characteristic and influence, and expose this essence of American pursue hegemonism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K712.54;K747

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本文編號(hào)：2336233