尼克松政府對韓政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-16 17:46
【摘要】： 理查德·M.尼克松(Richard Milhous Nixon, 1913—1994)是美國第37任總統(tǒng)。在他任總統(tǒng)期間,美國的對外政策發(fā)生了重大變化。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來,美國推行與蘇聯(lián)爭霸的“冷戰(zhàn)”政策,在全球范圍內(nèi)擴張美國的勢力,先后在朝鮮和越南打了兩場局部戰(zhàn)爭。20世紀60年代末,美國陷于越南戰(zhàn)爭不能自拔。尼克松就任總統(tǒng)時,美國的處境十分困難。在同蘇聯(lián)的競爭中,美國處于劣勢,國際地位下降。為了盡快擺脫美國的窘困處境,尼克松政府調(diào)整對外政策,尤其是對美國的東亞政策進行調(diào)整,進而出臺了“尼克松主義”。 韓國(南朝鮮)1作為美國一手扶植起來的重要東亞盟國,由于尼克松政府調(diào)整對外政策而受到重大沖擊。尼克松政府對外政策的首要目標是實現(xiàn)從越南撤軍,卸掉越南戰(zhàn)爭這個包袱。韓國作為美國在東亞的重要駐軍地區(qū)之一,成為美國收縮其在東亞力量時考慮的重要對象。正是在此背景下,尼克松政府做出縮減駐韓美軍的決定。在縮減駐韓美軍的同時,尼克松政府加強對韓國的經(jīng)濟軍事援助,以彌補美軍撤出對韓國防御力量的影響,加強韓國自身的防衛(wèi)力量。但是,隨著尼克松政府成功地從南越撤出,中美關(guān)系的緩和,美國國際地位改善,尼克松政府對韓政策發(fā)生變化;為了追求在朝鮮半島有利于美國的均勢,尼克松政府最終放棄了從韓國撤軍的政策。 本文試圖以新近解密的尼克松政府外交文件(1969—1976)(FRUS文件)為資料基礎(chǔ),以中美關(guān)系緩和為背景,以越南戰(zhàn)爭為切入點,探究尼克松政府對韓政策的提出、發(fā)展、演變和最終結(jié)果,以及在執(zhí)行過程中的制約因素。同時,本文力求通過對尼克松政府對韓政策的研究,揭示這一時期美國東亞政策的特征,美韓關(guān)系變化的規(guī)律,以及尼克松政府的對韓政策對后來美國對朝鮮半島政策的影響。 全文共分為五部分: 第一部分為緒論,評述目前國內(nèi)外學界對尼克松政府對韓政策的研究狀況及存在的問題。 第二部分:闡述尼克松政府上臺前美國對韓政策的演變歷程。具體包括:朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭前美國的朝鮮半島政策;朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭與美韓關(guān)系的確立;越南戰(zhàn)爭與美國對韓政策的變動。重點分析美韓關(guān)系的確立以及雙方在越南戰(zhàn)爭問題上的合作與摩擦。 第三部分:論述尼克松政府的對韓政策。具體包括:尼克松政府對韓政策的背景;尼克松政府對韓政策的提出、中美會談對美韓關(guān)系的影響以及尼克松政府對韓政策的變動與最終結(jié)果。重點探討尼克松政府對韓政策的提出及中美會談對美韓關(guān)系的影響。 第四部分:綜合評析尼克松政府的對韓政策。這一部分具體分析了尼克松政府與往屆美國政府對韓政策相比呈現(xiàn)出的連貫性和自身的特征,揭示尼克松政府對韓政策體現(xiàn)出的現(xiàn)實主義特征。 第五部分:結(jié)語,對本文加以總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Richard M. Nixon (Richard Milhous Nixon, 1913-1994 was the 37th President of the United States. During his presidency, major changes took place in American foreign policy. Since the end of the second World War, the United States has pursued the "Cold War" policy of striving for hegemony with the Soviet Union, expanding its influence on a global scale, fighting two local wars in North Korea and Vietnam one after another. The United States was trapped in the Vietnam War. When Nixon took office, the United States was in a difficult position. In competition with the Soviet Union, the United States is at a disadvantage and its international position is declining. In order to get rid of the predicament of the United States as soon as possible, the Nixon administration adjusted its foreign policy, especially its East Asian policy, and then introduced Nixon Doctrine. South Korea (South Korea) 1, as an important ally of East Asia, was greatly impacted by the Nixon administration's adjustment of foreign policy. The first objective of the Nixon administration's foreign policy was to withdraw troops from Vietnam and to unload the burden of the Vietnam War. South Korea, as one of the important American garrison areas in East Asia, has become an important consideration when the United States shrinks its forces in East Asia. It was against this background that the Nixon administration made the decision to reduce its military presence in South Korea. While reducing the number of US troops stationed in South Korea, the Nixon administration strengthened its economic and military assistance to South Korea in order to make up for the impact of the withdrawal of US troops on South Korea's defense forces and to strengthen South Korea's own defense forces. However, with the successful withdrawal of the Nixon administration from South Vietnam, the relaxation of Sino-US relations and the improvement of the international status of the United States, the Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea changed. In pursuit of an American balance of power on the Korean peninsula, the Nixon administration finally abandoned the policy of withdrawing troops from South Korea. Based on the newly declassified Nixon Administration diplomatic document (1969-1976) (FRUS document), this paper attempts to explore the development of Nixon Administration's policy towards South Korea in the context of the relaxation of Sino-US relations and the Vietnam War. Evolution and final results, as well as constraints in the implementation process. At the same time, this paper tries to reveal the characteristics of American East Asia policy, the law of the change of US-ROK relations and the influence of Nixon administration's South Korean policy on the later US policy on the Korean Peninsula through the study of Nixon Administration's policy towards Korea. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, which reviews the current domestic and foreign academic research on Nixon Administration's policy towards Korea and the existing problems. The second part: explain the evolution of American policy toward Korea before Nixon administration came to power. These include: the policy of the United States on the Korean Peninsula before the Korean War, the establishment of the Korean War and the relationship between the United States and South Korea, and the change of the policy of the United States towards South Korea during the Vietnam War. Focus on the establishment of the relationship between the United States and South Korea, as well as the Vietnam War on the issue of cooperation and friction. The third part discusses Nixon administration's policy towards Korea. It includes: the background of Nixon administration's policy toward Korea, the proposal of Nixon administration's policy towards Korea, the influence of Sino-American talks on U.S.-Korea relations, and the change and final result of Nixon administration's policy toward South Korea. This paper focuses on the Nixon Administration's policy toward South Korea and the impact of the Sino-American talks on the relationship between the United States and South Korea. The fourth part: the comprehensive analysis of Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea. This part concretely analyzes the coherence and characteristics of the Nixon administration compared with the previous American administration, and reveals the realistic characteristics of the Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea. The fifth part: the conclusion, summarizes this article.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K712.54
[Abstract]:Richard M. Nixon (Richard Milhous Nixon, 1913-1994 was the 37th President of the United States. During his presidency, major changes took place in American foreign policy. Since the end of the second World War, the United States has pursued the "Cold War" policy of striving for hegemony with the Soviet Union, expanding its influence on a global scale, fighting two local wars in North Korea and Vietnam one after another. The United States was trapped in the Vietnam War. When Nixon took office, the United States was in a difficult position. In competition with the Soviet Union, the United States is at a disadvantage and its international position is declining. In order to get rid of the predicament of the United States as soon as possible, the Nixon administration adjusted its foreign policy, especially its East Asian policy, and then introduced Nixon Doctrine. South Korea (South Korea) 1, as an important ally of East Asia, was greatly impacted by the Nixon administration's adjustment of foreign policy. The first objective of the Nixon administration's foreign policy was to withdraw troops from Vietnam and to unload the burden of the Vietnam War. South Korea, as one of the important American garrison areas in East Asia, has become an important consideration when the United States shrinks its forces in East Asia. It was against this background that the Nixon administration made the decision to reduce its military presence in South Korea. While reducing the number of US troops stationed in South Korea, the Nixon administration strengthened its economic and military assistance to South Korea in order to make up for the impact of the withdrawal of US troops on South Korea's defense forces and to strengthen South Korea's own defense forces. However, with the successful withdrawal of the Nixon administration from South Vietnam, the relaxation of Sino-US relations and the improvement of the international status of the United States, the Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea changed. In pursuit of an American balance of power on the Korean peninsula, the Nixon administration finally abandoned the policy of withdrawing troops from South Korea. Based on the newly declassified Nixon Administration diplomatic document (1969-1976) (FRUS document), this paper attempts to explore the development of Nixon Administration's policy towards South Korea in the context of the relaxation of Sino-US relations and the Vietnam War. Evolution and final results, as well as constraints in the implementation process. At the same time, this paper tries to reveal the characteristics of American East Asia policy, the law of the change of US-ROK relations and the influence of Nixon administration's South Korean policy on the later US policy on the Korean Peninsula through the study of Nixon Administration's policy towards Korea. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, which reviews the current domestic and foreign academic research on Nixon Administration's policy towards Korea and the existing problems. The second part: explain the evolution of American policy toward Korea before Nixon administration came to power. These include: the policy of the United States on the Korean Peninsula before the Korean War, the establishment of the Korean War and the relationship between the United States and South Korea, and the change of the policy of the United States towards South Korea during the Vietnam War. Focus on the establishment of the relationship between the United States and South Korea, as well as the Vietnam War on the issue of cooperation and friction. The third part discusses Nixon administration's policy towards Korea. It includes: the background of Nixon administration's policy toward Korea, the proposal of Nixon administration's policy towards Korea, the influence of Sino-American talks on U.S.-Korea relations, and the change and final result of Nixon administration's policy toward South Korea. This paper focuses on the Nixon Administration's policy toward South Korea and the impact of the Sino-American talks on the relationship between the United States and South Korea. The fourth part: the comprehensive analysis of Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea. This part concretely analyzes the coherence and characteristics of the Nixon administration compared with the previous American administration, and reveals the realistic characteristics of the Nixon administration's policy towards South Korea. The fifth part: the conclusion, summarizes this article.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K712.54
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