【摘要】：種族主義是納粹意識(shí)形態(tài)的重要支柱，正是在這種意識(shí)形態(tài)的支配下，納粹政權(quán)開始了瘋狂的屠殺。這些被害者，僅僅因?yàn)樗麄兪仟q太人、吉普賽人、殘疾人或身體有缺陷者而慘遭屠殺，這是納粹政權(quán)邪惡本質(zhì)的最好體現(xiàn)。然而納粹政權(quán)是不可能獨(dú)自完成這些罪惡的，它需要有一整套體系支持。 19世紀(jì)科學(xué)成就斐然，這就使科學(xué)的地位得到了極大地提高。同時(shí)，19世紀(jì)以來(lái)，，工業(yè)化的發(fā)展也給社會(huì)帶來(lái)了前所未有的問(wèn)題。正是在這一背景下，科學(xué)被看成是解決工業(yè)化社會(huì)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。隨著社會(huì)達(dá)爾文主義和遺傳學(xué)的興起，使人們看到了將生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)理論應(yīng)用于人類社會(huì)的“希望”。德國(guó)的種族衛(wèi)生學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)，正是將生物學(xué)理論簡(jiǎn)單代入人類社會(huì)思考的結(jié)果。這一理論以遺傳學(xué)確定的物種差異性為基礎(chǔ)，據(jù)此認(rèn)定種族差異存在的合理性，進(jìn)而將整個(gè)人類社會(huì)文明進(jìn)程看成是種族之間斗爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果。同時(shí)，這一理論還將種族主義說(shuō)成是建立在生物學(xué)，特別是遺傳學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上的“科學(xué)”。這就使種族衛(wèi)生學(xué)成為了證明納粹種族理論的最好的工具。 隨著納粹上臺(tái)，種族衛(wèi)生學(xué)在德國(guó)成為了醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的重要學(xué)科。納粹通過(guò)一體化運(yùn)動(dòng)，牢牢地將德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界掌握在手中。納粹還通過(guò)對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)出版界的控制和對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)教育的改革，改變了德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)學(xué)價(jià)值觀，將種族主義的思想灌入其中。由于德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界早已認(rèn)同了納粹的種族理論，他們發(fā)起的“種族衛(wèi)生學(xué)”運(yùn)動(dòng)與納粹有著密切的聯(lián)系。因此，德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界給予了納粹統(tǒng)治者最有力的支持。在倒向納粹的過(guò)程中，他們并非被動(dòng)的接受，而是積極主動(dòng)的參與。這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家通過(guò)他們的科學(xué)研究，支持了納粹的種族理論。不僅如此，他們還積極參與了納粹的種族政策的制定、實(shí)施與管理。 無(wú)論是納粹絕育法還是《紐倫堡法案》，德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界已經(jīng)深深陷入其中。正是德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界使納粹種族立法成為可能；也正是由于他們的積極配合，才使納粹的種族政策得以順利實(shí)施。而這一切最終將德國(guó)引向罪惡的深淵。最后，在德國(guó)屠殺機(jī)器開動(dòng)的時(shí)候，德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界再次利用種族衛(wèi)生學(xué)，為納粹屠殺尋找借口。而在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，德國(guó)醫(yī)生還直接參與了納粹的安樂(lè)死計(jì)劃和針對(duì)猶太人的屠殺。 納粹種族主義是納粹邪惡性重要體現(xiàn)，而納粹種族主義在第三帝國(guó)卻得到了德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界的認(rèn)同和支持。德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)淪為了納粹政權(quán)的罪惡工具。納粹政權(quán)從來(lái)就不拒絕用科學(xué)的手段來(lái)反人類。生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)因?yàn)槠湓谌祟惿鐣?huì)中的特殊作用，它被納粹看成是證明自己種族理論的絕佳工具。也正是因?yàn)檫@樣，德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界在納粹德國(guó)受到重用。在與納粹同謀的過(guò)程中，醫(yī)學(xué)界比其他學(xué)科更為積極主動(dòng)。通過(guò)對(duì)納粹時(shí)期德國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)界的研究，人們能夠更好的、更加全面的理解科學(xué)與納粹政權(quán)之間密不可分的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Racism is an important pillar of Nazi ideology, under which the Nazi regime began to carnage. These victims, who were slaughtered simply because they were Jews, gypsies, disabled or physically handicapped, were the best manifestation of the evil nature of the Nazi regime. The Nazi regime, however, could not accomplish these evils on its own; it needed a complete system to support them. The great achievements of science in the 19 th century greatly improved the status of science. At the same time, the development of industrialization has brought unprecedented problems to society since the 19 th century. It is against this background that science is regarded as the key to solving the problems of industrialized society. With the rise of social Darwinism and genetics, people see the "hope" of applying biological and medical theories to human society. The ethno-hygiene movement in Germany was the result of the simple introduction of biological theory into human society. This theory is based on the species diversity determined by genetics, which determines the rationality of the existence of racial differences, and then regards the whole process of human civilization as the result of race struggle. At the same time, the theory describes racism as "science" based on biology, especially genetics. This makes racial hygiene the best tool for proving Nazi racial theory. With the Nazi coming to power, ethnic hygiene became an important subject in medicine in Germany. Through the integration movement, the Nazis firmly held German medicine in their hands. Through the control of medical publishing and the reform of medical education, the Nazis changed the traditional medical values of German medical circles and poured racist ideas into them. Since the German medical community had agreed with the Nazi theory of race, their "racial hygiene" movement was closely related to the Nazis. Thus, the German medical community gave the Nazi rulers the strongest support. In the process of turning to the Nazis, they did not passively accept, but actively participated. Scientists in this field supported the Nazi theory of race through their scientific research. Not only that, they also actively participated in the formulation, implementation and management of Nazi racial policy. Both the Nazi sterilization law and the Nuremberg Act, the German medical community has been deeply involved. It was the German medical profession that made Nazi racial legislation possible, and it was because of their active cooperation that the Nazi racial policy was carried out smoothly. All this eventually led Germany to the abyss of evil. Finally, as the German killing machine started, the German medical profession again used racial hygiene to justify Nazi killings. In the process, German doctors were directly involved in Nazi euthanasia and the slaughter of Jews. Nazi racism is an important embodiment of Nazi evil, and Nazi racism has been recognized and supported by German medical circles in the third Reich. German medicine was reduced to the evil tool of the Nazi regime. The Nazi regime never refused to use scientific means to oppose humanity. Biology and medicine, because of their special role in human society, were regarded by the Nazis as an excellent tool for proving their racial theories. It was because of this that German medicine was reused in Nazi Germany. In the process of complicity with the Nazis, the medical profession was more active than other disciplines. Through the study of German medical circles during the Nazi period, people can better and more comprehensively understand the inextricable relationship between science and Nazi regime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R-09;K516

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉麗娟;納粹德國(guó)的知識(shí)分子與大屠殺[D];鄭州大學(xué);2013年

本文編號(hào)：2335559