姆貝基時期的南非社會發(fā)展研究（1999-2008）
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-10 15:27
【摘要】：南非共和國是非洲最重要的國家。新南非的成立是南非歷史上最重要的事件之一。姆貝基總統(tǒng)長達九年多的執(zhí)政時期,成為迄今為止新南非歷史上的重要階段。因此,研究和分析姆貝基執(zhí)政時期南非政府的社會發(fā)展情況和政策,對于了解和認識以非國大為首的南非新政權(quán)的治國理念和政策取向都有很重要的意義。 南非八十多年的種族隔離時期,阿菲利卡人通過立法剝奪了廣大黑人的政治經(jīng)濟權(quán)力,從而成為種族隔離制度的最大受益者,但是由于國際社會的制裁和國內(nèi)被壓迫的黑人的不斷斗爭,白人政權(quán)逐漸被孤立,經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展停滯,最終不得不廢除種族隔離制度。曼德拉上臺后,積極推進民族和解進程,制定新憲法鞏固政權(quán),但是曼德拉短短四年任期,不可能解決社會巨變留下的社會問題。 姆貝基上臺后,提出了立足于非洲的“非洲復(fù)興”思想,提倡“非洲新伙伴計劃”,反映了非洲人民謀發(fā)展的心聲。姆貝基執(zhí)政時期,對社會經(jīng)濟做出了重大改革,這些改革主要體現(xiàn)在農(nóng)業(yè)、礦業(yè)以及經(jīng)濟優(yōu)惠政策上,此外還有內(nèi)容廣泛的社會發(fā)展改革,比如提供黑人經(jīng)濟地位的“肯定行動”,資源分配方面的《廣義黑人經(jīng)濟促進法》,這些改革大大提高了黑人的經(jīng)濟和社會地位。 姆貝基任期內(nèi)經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展方面取得了很大的成就,這些成就主要表現(xiàn)在農(nóng)業(yè)、礦業(yè)、商業(yè)和金融業(yè),以及對外貿(mào)易方面。為了促進社會公平有序地發(fā)展,姆貝基總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政期間,制訂了很多措施,取得了一定的成就。比如,社會救助政策覆蓋了大多數(shù)南非窮人;此外,南非政府還積極推動青年就業(yè),減少失業(yè)率;實現(xiàn)了一半以上的南非人能夠住上政府提供的廉價房子,并且大多數(shù)南非人都有醫(yī)療保障。 盡管姆貝基政府做出了很大努力,取得了令人矚目的成就,但是南非社會發(fā)展中存在的問題也比較突出。這些問題是多方面的主要包括:南非新出現(xiàn)的移民問題,艾滋病困擾南非以及犯罪率居高不下,社會治安惡化等。 很明顯,南非社會中出現(xiàn)的問題很多都是歷史遺留下來的,南非社會發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的問題,終究需要用發(fā)展的辦法的加以解決。只有給所有南非公民均等的受教育和工作機會,黑人與白人之間才可能真正消除仇恨,“彩虹之國”才可能真正建立起來!
[Abstract]:The Republic of South Africa is the most important country in Africa. The founding of the new South Africa is one of the most important events in the history of South Africa. President Mbeki's more than nine years in power has become an important stage in the history of the new South Africa. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and analyze the social development and policy of the South African government during the period of Mbeki's administration, which is of great significance to understand and understand the concept and policy orientation of the new regime in South Africa headed by the ANC. During more than 80 years of apartheid in South Africa, the Afika people, by legislation, deprived the majority of black people of their political and economic power, thus becoming the greatest beneficiaries of the apartheid system. However, as a result of the sanctions of the international community and the continuous struggle of the oppressed black people in the country, the white regime was gradually isolated, the economic and social development stagnated, and finally the apartheid system had to be abolished. After Mandela came to power, he actively promoted the process of national reconciliation and worked out a new constitution to consolidate the regime. However, as a short term of office for four years, Mandela could not solve the social problems left by the great changes in society. After Mbeki came to power, he put forward the idea of "African renaissance" based on Africa and advocated the "New Partnership for Africa", which reflected the aspirations of the African people for development. During Mbeki's administration, major socio-economic reforms were made, mainly in agriculture, mining and preferential economic policies, in addition to wide-ranging social development reforms. For example, the "affirmative action" to provide black economic status, and the "broad black economic promotion law" in the area of resource allocation, these reforms have greatly improved the economic and social status of blacks. Mbeki has made great achievements in economic and social development during his tenure, mainly in agriculture, mining, business and finance, as well as foreign trade. In order to promote the fair and orderly development of society, President Mbeki worked out many measures and made some achievements. For example, social assistance policies cover the majority of the poor in South Africa; in addition, the South African Government is actively promoting youth employment and reducing unemployment; More than half of South Africans are able to live in cheap government homes, and most South Africans have health care. Although the Mbeki government has made great efforts and made remarkable achievements, the problems in the social development of South Africa are also prominent. These problems mainly include: the emerging immigration problem in South Africa, the AIDS problem, the high crime rate, the deterioration of social security and so on. Obviously, many of the problems in South African society are left over from history, and the problems that arise in the development of South African society need to be solved by the way of development. Only by giving all South African citizens equal access to education and work will it be possible to truly eliminate hatred between blacks and whites and build a "Rainbow Nation"!
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K478.6
本文編號：2322826
[Abstract]:The Republic of South Africa is the most important country in Africa. The founding of the new South Africa is one of the most important events in the history of South Africa. President Mbeki's more than nine years in power has become an important stage in the history of the new South Africa. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and analyze the social development and policy of the South African government during the period of Mbeki's administration, which is of great significance to understand and understand the concept and policy orientation of the new regime in South Africa headed by the ANC. During more than 80 years of apartheid in South Africa, the Afika people, by legislation, deprived the majority of black people of their political and economic power, thus becoming the greatest beneficiaries of the apartheid system. However, as a result of the sanctions of the international community and the continuous struggle of the oppressed black people in the country, the white regime was gradually isolated, the economic and social development stagnated, and finally the apartheid system had to be abolished. After Mandela came to power, he actively promoted the process of national reconciliation and worked out a new constitution to consolidate the regime. However, as a short term of office for four years, Mandela could not solve the social problems left by the great changes in society. After Mbeki came to power, he put forward the idea of "African renaissance" based on Africa and advocated the "New Partnership for Africa", which reflected the aspirations of the African people for development. During Mbeki's administration, major socio-economic reforms were made, mainly in agriculture, mining and preferential economic policies, in addition to wide-ranging social development reforms. For example, the "affirmative action" to provide black economic status, and the "broad black economic promotion law" in the area of resource allocation, these reforms have greatly improved the economic and social status of blacks. Mbeki has made great achievements in economic and social development during his tenure, mainly in agriculture, mining, business and finance, as well as foreign trade. In order to promote the fair and orderly development of society, President Mbeki worked out many measures and made some achievements. For example, social assistance policies cover the majority of the poor in South Africa; in addition, the South African Government is actively promoting youth employment and reducing unemployment; More than half of South Africans are able to live in cheap government homes, and most South Africans have health care. Although the Mbeki government has made great efforts and made remarkable achievements, the problems in the social development of South Africa are also prominent. These problems mainly include: the emerging immigration problem in South Africa, the AIDS problem, the high crime rate, the deterioration of social security and so on. Obviously, many of the problems in South African society are left over from history, and the problems that arise in the development of South African society need to be solved by the way of development. Only by giving all South African citizens equal access to education and work will it be possible to truly eliminate hatred between blacks and whites and build a "Rainbow Nation"!
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K478.6
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條
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