俄國的縉紳會議
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-02 17:16
【摘要】： 伴隨著俄國中央集權制度的發(fā)展,16世紀中期,沙皇伊凡四世為了加強皇權和制約波雅爾貴族召集了縉紳會議,這是全國性的會議,參會者包括了各地服役貴族以及各等級的代表,沙皇通過縉紳會議鞏固了權力并加強了中央集權。經(jīng)歷了16、17世紀的發(fā)展,縉紳會議廣泛地參與到國家管理、立法和重大事務的決策中,成為重要的國家機構。同時,隨著社會機構的改革和階級力量對比的變化,縉紳會議的內容和地位也在不斷變化著。17世紀中后期俄國中央集權制度確立后,由于封建階層體系形成、中央官僚機構基本完善和地方代表制機構遭到破壞,縉紳會議失去了它存在的基礎,于是逐漸退出了俄國政治舞臺,被政府以等級協(xié)商形式的會議所取代,并在1682年走到了終結�？N紳會議在俄國政治制度史上具有重要的意義,它的召開標志著俄國進入到等級代表君主制時代,而縉紳會議的政治組織形式、召集方式、審議程序和過程等都給后來的俄國帶來不小的借鑒和影響作用,并在危急關頭體現(xiàn)出俄羅斯同心同德的民族精神。 本文共分為六個部分: 第一部分,俄國縉紳會議的產(chǎn)生。 第二部分,俄國縉紳會議的發(fā)展。 第三部分,俄國縉紳會議的消亡。 第四部分,俄國縉紳會議的相關問題。主要分析縉紳會議的類型、分期、審議形式及協(xié)商秩序,縉紳會議與波雅爾杜馬的關系,縉紳會議與俄國等級代表君主制度。 第五部分,俄國縉紳會議與西歐封建議會之比較。 第六部分,結語。
[Abstract]:Along with the development of centralization in Russia, in the mid-16th century, Tsar Ivan IV convened a national Congress of gentry to strengthen imperial power and restrict the aristocrats of Poiar. Participants included serving aristocrats and representatives of all ranks, and the czar consolidated power and strengthened centralization through the Gentry Conference. After the development in the 1600s, the Gentry Congress participated in the national management, legislation and important affairs decision-making, and became an important state organization. At the same time, with the reform of social institutions and the change of class power balance, the content and status of the Gentry Congress were constantly changing. After the establishment of the centralization system in Russia in the middle and late 17th century, the feudal class system was formed. The central bureaucracy was basically perfected and the local representative system was destroyed, and the Gentry Conference lost its foundation and gradually withdrew from the Russian political arena and was replaced by a meeting of the government in the form of hierarchical consultations. And came to an end in 1682. The Gentry Conference is of great significance in the history of the Russian political system. Its convening marks Russia's entering the era of hierarchical representative monarchy, and the political organization and convening mode of the Gentry Conference. The procedure and process of deliberation have brought great reference and influence to the later Russia, and have embodied the national spirit of the unity of Russia in the critical moment. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part, the emergence of the Russian Gentry Conference. The second part, the development of the Russian Gentry Conference. The third part, the disappearance of the Russian Gentry Conference. The fourth part, the related problems of the Russian Gentry Conference. This paper mainly analyzes the types, stages, deliberative forms and consultation order of the Gentry meeting, the relationship between the Gentry Conference and the Boyar Duma, and the system of representing the monarchy between the Gentry Conference and the Russian hierarchy. The fifth part is the comparison between the Russian Gentry Conference and the feudal parliament of Western Europe. The sixth part, conclusion.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K512.34
本文編號：2306434
[Abstract]:Along with the development of centralization in Russia, in the mid-16th century, Tsar Ivan IV convened a national Congress of gentry to strengthen imperial power and restrict the aristocrats of Poiar. Participants included serving aristocrats and representatives of all ranks, and the czar consolidated power and strengthened centralization through the Gentry Conference. After the development in the 1600s, the Gentry Congress participated in the national management, legislation and important affairs decision-making, and became an important state organization. At the same time, with the reform of social institutions and the change of class power balance, the content and status of the Gentry Congress were constantly changing. After the establishment of the centralization system in Russia in the middle and late 17th century, the feudal class system was formed. The central bureaucracy was basically perfected and the local representative system was destroyed, and the Gentry Conference lost its foundation and gradually withdrew from the Russian political arena and was replaced by a meeting of the government in the form of hierarchical consultations. And came to an end in 1682. The Gentry Conference is of great significance in the history of the Russian political system. Its convening marks Russia's entering the era of hierarchical representative monarchy, and the political organization and convening mode of the Gentry Conference. The procedure and process of deliberation have brought great reference and influence to the later Russia, and have embodied the national spirit of the unity of Russia in the critical moment. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part, the emergence of the Russian Gentry Conference. The second part, the development of the Russian Gentry Conference. The third part, the disappearance of the Russian Gentry Conference. The fourth part, the related problems of the Russian Gentry Conference. This paper mainly analyzes the types, stages, deliberative forms and consultation order of the Gentry meeting, the relationship between the Gentry Conference and the Boyar Duma, and the system of representing the monarchy between the Gentry Conference and the Russian hierarchy. The fifth part is the comparison between the Russian Gentry Conference and the feudal parliament of Western Europe. The sixth part, conclusion.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K512.34
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相關期刊論文 前1條
1 劉忠桂;封建俄國縉紳會議簡析[J];東北亞論壇;2004年03期
相關博士學位論文 前1條
1 張宗華;18世紀俄國改革與貴族[D];武漢大學;2005年
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