【摘要】： 擴(kuò)張已成為大國發(fā)展的邏輯,是一國由小到大再到強(qiáng)的重要手段。本文所分析的美蘇兩個(gè)國家,在近代史上,就是兩部活生生的擴(kuò)張史。它們能成為世界一流大國與對外擴(kuò)張有很大的關(guān)系。在冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,美蘇的對外擴(kuò)張與傳統(tǒng)大國的擴(kuò)張并無本質(zhì)區(qū)別,都是為了國家利益,都喜歡用軍事作為對外擴(kuò)張的手段,其中也夾雜著最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的個(gè)人因素。但是,就美蘇兩國對外擴(kuò)張的特點(diǎn)而言,又有許多的不同。美國的對外擴(kuò)張?jiān)诶鋺?zhàn)時(shí)期由經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張轉(zhuǎn)向政治擴(kuò)張,而蘇聯(lián)始終以“世界革命”為名推行政治擴(kuò)張。同時(shí),美蘇兩國的政治結(jié)構(gòu)和對外決策機(jī)制有著較大的差異,在它們的對外擴(kuò)張行動(dòng)中,又呈現(xiàn)出不同的發(fā)展趨勢。美國的政治結(jié)構(gòu)和對外決策機(jī)制具有極強(qiáng)的自我調(diào)節(jié)能力和彈性,從而在戰(zhàn)后的對外擴(kuò)張呈現(xiàn)出波浪型波動(dòng):國力強(qiáng)盛時(shí),積極對外擴(kuò)張;國力衰微時(shí),對對外擴(kuò)張進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略收縮。蘇聯(lián)本應(yīng)該基于社會(huì)主義國家的事實(shí),提倡世界和平,維護(hù)世界穩(wěn)定,促進(jìn)世界各國共同發(fā)展。但蘇聯(lián)卻繼承了沙俄的大國沙文主義,積極進(jìn)行對外擴(kuò)張活動(dòng)。由于蘇聯(lián)的政治結(jié)構(gòu)比較僵硬缺乏彈性,對外決策的單一性,忽略人民參與對外決策的重要性,致使其對外擴(kuò)張活動(dòng)呈現(xiàn)出拋物線型的波動(dòng),并最終變成蘇聯(lián)解體的催化劑。
[Abstract]:Expansion has become the logic of the development of large countries, is an important means from small to large to strong. The two countries analyzed in this paper are two living history of expansion in modern history. Their ability to become a world-class power has a lot to do with external expansion. During the Cold War, the expansion of the United States and Soviet Union was not fundamentally different from that of the traditional great powers. It was for the benefit of the country, and they all liked to use military as a means of external expansion, among which were the personal factors of the supreme leaders. However, in terms of the characteristics of the expansion of the two countries, there are many differences. American foreign expansion changed from economic expansion to political expansion during the Cold War, while the Soviet Union always promoted political expansion in the name of "World Revolution". At the same time, the political structure and foreign decision-making mechanism of the United States and the Soviet Union are quite different. The political structure and foreign decision-making mechanism of the United States have extremely strong self-regulating ability and flexibility, thus showing waves of fluctuations in the post-war external expansion: when the national strength is strong, the United States actively expands abroad, and when the national strength is declining, Strategic contraction of external expansion. The Soviet Union should have advocated world peace, maintained world stability and promoted the common development of all countries on the basis of the facts of socialist countries. However, the Soviet Union inherited Czarist chauvinism and actively expanded abroad. Because the political structure of Soviet Union is rigid and inflexible, the foreign decision-making is single, and the importance of people's participation in foreign decision-making is ignored, the external expansion of the Soviet Union presents a parabolic fluctuation and finally becomes the catalyst for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K153

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