伊拉克軍人政治研究（1921-1948）
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-18 17:36
【摘要】：伊拉克政治進程中,最顯著的一個特點就是軍隊試圖對國家政權的控制。伊拉克軍隊成立于1921年,直到2003年伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭后被遣散,這82年里一直為伊拉克服務。伊拉克政府和軍隊之間生息相關。伊拉克所有的政權都力圖使軍隊成為他們政權的支持者。雙方相互利用,相互需要。軍隊對伊拉克政權的穩(wěn)定產生影響,在眾多場合通過命令政府或推翻政府的方式來影響政治的發(fā)展。 伊拉克軍隊內部并非完全統(tǒng)一。在伊拉克,軍人介入政治的威脅、軍隊-文官關系的動蕩無處不在。軍隊中沒有統(tǒng)一思想,因受到個人威信、意識形態(tài)和種族——宗派利益的影響而分裂。這種分裂是基于軍隊中的階層、宗教和少數(shù)民族的分裂,是伊拉克社會自身分裂的縮影�？v觀伊拉克的政治發(fā)展,盡管伊拉克軍隊存在差異,伊拉克軍隊還是以其作為國家安全和統(tǒng)一的支柱而自豪。與傳統(tǒng)上把軍隊限制在兵營不同,伊拉克軍隊更像國家的安全機關,通過武力確保政權的合法性。伊拉克軍隊維護伊拉克政治穩(wěn)定,消除部落起義、宗派叛亂和庫爾德叛亂造成的威脅。 伊拉克軍隊一直是一把雙刃劍：軍隊保證政權的存在,但同時軍隊也成為政府的威脅。 本文共分四章。第一章首先介紹了英國委任統(tǒng)治時期伊拉克軍隊的建立,伊拉克政客們試圖利用軍隊維護新成立的國家。1932年伊拉克獲得獨立后軍隊更加表現(xiàn)出參與政治事務的積極性,隨著全國性征兵政策的實施,軍隊得到發(fā)展。軍隊規(guī)模擴大,軍隊內的派系數(shù)量也在增加。軍隊試圖超越種族、宗教差異性,建立一支國內各派共管的軍隊,從而將伊拉克多個派系匯合成單一的國家機構。 第二章重點分析了1936-1941年發(fā)生的軍事政變。1936-1941年伊拉克國內局勢動蕩,政權更迭頻繁。這期間,伊拉克文官政治衰弱,軍隊在政治進程中發(fā)揮顯著作用。伊拉克軍隊決定國家命運,軍官成為政客的庇護人。民族主義軍官頻繁卷入政治事件。 第三章重點介紹在英國幫助下伊拉克軍隊重建。三十天戰(zhàn)爭后英國實現(xiàn)對伊拉克的“第二次占領”,英國為了實現(xiàn)伊拉克軍隊的去政治化,使軍隊置于政府控制之下,對伊拉克軍隊進行重建。重建后的伊拉克軍隊進一步參加國內外事務,如1943-1945年鎮(zhèn)壓庫爾德起義以及巴勒斯坦戰(zhàn)爭,從而證明伊拉克軍事重建的目的是將軍隊置于政府控制之下,實現(xiàn)軍隊鎮(zhèn)壓國內叛亂、保證國家的穩(wěn)定和安全的目標。 第四章對伊拉克軍隊的分裂做了分析。伊拉克國內民族、宗教和意識形態(tài)上的差異性折射到伊拉克軍隊之中,造成軍隊中派系林立混亂。 結語部分對中東的軍政關系進行簡要概述。因中東特殊的歷史因素和特定的國際國內環(huán)境,造成軍隊在中東政治生活中扮演著不同于其它國家的角色。
[Abstract]:One of the most striking features of Iraq's political process is the military's attempt to control the state. The Iraqi army was founded in 1921 until it was demobilized after the 2003 Iraq War and served Iraq for 82 years. There is an interest-bearing relationship between the Iraqi government and the army. All the regimes in Iraq tried to make the army a supporter of their regime. Both sides make use of each other and need each other. The army has an impact on the stability of the Iraqi regime, influencing political development on numerous occasions by ordering or overthrowing the government. The Iraqi army is not completely unified. In Iraq, the threat of military involvement in politics, the army-civil relations everywhere. There is no unity of thought in the army, divided by personal prestige, ideology, and racially-sectarian interests. This division is based on the division of the military, religion and ethnic minorities, is the epitome of the division of Iraqi society itself. Throughout Iraq's political development, the Iraqi army prides itself on being a pillar of national security and unity, despite the differences in its military. Rather than confine troops to barracks, the Iraqi army is more like the security apparatus of the state, securing the legitimacy of the regime by force. Iraqi forces maintain political stability in Iraq and address the threat posed by tribal uprisings, sectarian and Kurdish insurgencies. The Iraqi army has always been a double-edged sword: it has guaranteed the existence of power, but it has also become a threat to the government. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the establishment of the Iraqi army during the British mandate period. Iraqi politicians tried to use the army to defend the newly established country. After Iraq gained independence in 1932, the army showed even more enthusiasm for participating in political affairs. With the implementation of the national conscription policy, the army was developed. The size of the army has grown and the number of factions within the army has increased. The army tried to transcend ethnic and religious differences and build an army run by all factions in the country, thus bringing Iraqi factions together into a single national institution. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the military coup in 1936-1941. During this period, Iraqi civil servants became politically weak and the military played a prominent role in the political process. The Iraqi army decided the fate of the country, and the officers became the protectors of politicians. Nationalist officers are frequently involved in political affairs. The third chapter focuses on the reconstruction of the Iraqi army with the help of Britain. After 30 days of war, Britain realized the "second occupation" of Iraq. In order to realize the depoliticization of the Iraqi army, the British army was placed under the control of the government to rebuild the Iraqi army. The further involvement of the reconstructed Iraqi forces in domestic and foreign affairs, such as the suppression of the Kurdish uprising in 1943-1945 and the Palestinian War, proves that the purpose of the military reconstruction in Iraq is to bring the army under the control of the Government and to achieve the military suppression of the internal insurgency, The objective of ensuring the stability and security of the country. The fourth chapter analyzes the division of the Iraqi army. Ethnic, religious and ideological differences in Iraq reflected in the Iraqi army, resulting in factional chaos in the army. The conclusion part gives a brief overview of the military-government relationship in the Middle East. Because of the special historical factors and special international and domestic environment, the military plays a different role in the political life of the Middle East.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K377.5;E377
本文編號：2279883
[Abstract]:One of the most striking features of Iraq's political process is the military's attempt to control the state. The Iraqi army was founded in 1921 until it was demobilized after the 2003 Iraq War and served Iraq for 82 years. There is an interest-bearing relationship between the Iraqi government and the army. All the regimes in Iraq tried to make the army a supporter of their regime. Both sides make use of each other and need each other. The army has an impact on the stability of the Iraqi regime, influencing political development on numerous occasions by ordering or overthrowing the government. The Iraqi army is not completely unified. In Iraq, the threat of military involvement in politics, the army-civil relations everywhere. There is no unity of thought in the army, divided by personal prestige, ideology, and racially-sectarian interests. This division is based on the division of the military, religion and ethnic minorities, is the epitome of the division of Iraqi society itself. Throughout Iraq's political development, the Iraqi army prides itself on being a pillar of national security and unity, despite the differences in its military. Rather than confine troops to barracks, the Iraqi army is more like the security apparatus of the state, securing the legitimacy of the regime by force. Iraqi forces maintain political stability in Iraq and address the threat posed by tribal uprisings, sectarian and Kurdish insurgencies. The Iraqi army has always been a double-edged sword: it has guaranteed the existence of power, but it has also become a threat to the government. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the establishment of the Iraqi army during the British mandate period. Iraqi politicians tried to use the army to defend the newly established country. After Iraq gained independence in 1932, the army showed even more enthusiasm for participating in political affairs. With the implementation of the national conscription policy, the army was developed. The size of the army has grown and the number of factions within the army has increased. The army tried to transcend ethnic and religious differences and build an army run by all factions in the country, thus bringing Iraqi factions together into a single national institution. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the military coup in 1936-1941. During this period, Iraqi civil servants became politically weak and the military played a prominent role in the political process. The Iraqi army decided the fate of the country, and the officers became the protectors of politicians. Nationalist officers are frequently involved in political affairs. The third chapter focuses on the reconstruction of the Iraqi army with the help of Britain. After 30 days of war, Britain realized the "second occupation" of Iraq. In order to realize the depoliticization of the Iraqi army, the British army was placed under the control of the government to rebuild the Iraqi army. The further involvement of the reconstructed Iraqi forces in domestic and foreign affairs, such as the suppression of the Kurdish uprising in 1943-1945 and the Palestinian War, proves that the purpose of the military reconstruction in Iraq is to bring the army under the control of the Government and to achieve the military suppression of the internal insurgency, The objective of ensuring the stability and security of the country. The fourth chapter analyzes the division of the Iraqi army. Ethnic, religious and ideological differences in Iraq reflected in the Iraqi army, resulting in factional chaos in the army. The conclusion part gives a brief overview of the military-government relationship in the Middle East. Because of the special historical factors and special international and domestic environment, the military plays a different role in the political life of the Middle East.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K377.5;E377
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