中世紀(jì)晚期巴黎市民生活研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-16 09:57
【摘要】：13-15世紀(jì)的巴黎是歐洲大陸上最大的城市,在15世紀(jì)末,巴黎有約超過20萬的人口。自12世紀(jì)末腓力·奧古斯都下令修建巴黎城市的城墻開始,巴黎就走上了迅速發(fā)展的道路。13世紀(jì)至14世紀(jì)上半期是巴黎城市的上升期,在此期間巴黎完成了城市化進(jìn)程。以黑死病為分割點(diǎn),巴黎在經(jīng)歷戰(zhàn)爭和疫病的洗禮后,政治上的穩(wěn)定和其自身的調(diào)節(jié)功能使得巴黎又回復(fù)到發(fā)展的道路上。本文以中世紀(jì)晚期——13-15世紀(jì)巴黎社會(huì)各階層人民的生活為研究對象,試圖通過分析巴黎上層市民、普通市民和邊緣群體等階層的不同生活狀況,從中展示出這一時(shí)期巴黎發(fā)展中遇到的問題、社會(huì)矛盾及巴黎的社會(huì)風(fēng)貌,進(jìn)而認(rèn)識這一時(shí)期的巴黎乃至法國的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其趨勢。 本文除導(dǎo)論和結(jié)語外,正文分三章進(jìn)行論述。 第一章,“中世紀(jì)晚期巴黎城市概況”,概述巴黎自有居民開始至15世紀(jì)末的發(fā)展歷程,重點(diǎn)論述其城市起源和13-15世紀(jì)巴黎的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展,這是其時(shí)巴黎社會(huì)各階層生活的基本背景和環(huán)境。中世紀(jì)晚期的巴黎是個(gè)消費(fèi)型城市,所生產(chǎn)的手工業(yè)品主要滿足城內(nèi)需求,并在13世紀(jì)完成城市化后繼續(xù)發(fā)展。 第二章,“中世紀(jì)晚期巴黎上層市民的生活狀況”,主要從四個(gè)方面論述巴黎上層市民階層的生活狀況,即政治生活、經(jīng)濟(jì)生活、家庭生活和宗教生活。重點(diǎn)論述巴黎上層市民階層衣、食、住、娛樂等家庭生活的方方面面,以及出于宗教信仰而進(jìn)行的對下層人民的慈善救濟(jì)。上層市民們雖然獲得了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的成就,但政治上并沒有穩(wěn)定地位,時(shí)刻處于陰影和危機(jī)之中。 第三章,“中世紀(jì)晚期巴黎普通市民和邊緣群體階層的生活狀況”,重點(diǎn)論述普通市民階層的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活和不同邊緣群體包括小偷、乞丐、妓女等的生活情況。巴黎這一時(shí)期的普通人群和邊緣群體都沒有政治地位,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況也不好。邊緣群體對巴黎社會(huì)充滿了仇視和敵對情緒,反之上層市民階層對這些社會(huì)邊緣群體也抱著厭惡的態(tài)度。普通市民在遭到意外事故的打擊后很可能落入邊緣群體,而向上流動(dòng)的可能性卻不大,他們對自己的生活狀況不滿意,懼怕隨時(shí)會(huì)襲來的厄運(yùn)。
[Abstract]:Paris was the largest city on the continent in the 13-15 th century, with a population of more than 200000 at the end of the 15 th century. Since the end of the 12th century, when Philip Augustus ordered the construction of the city wall, Paris has been on the path of rapid development. From the 13th century to the first half of the 14th century, the city of Paris rose, during which the process of urbanization was completed. Taking the Black death as the dividing point, Paris, after experiencing the baptism of war and epidemic disease, had the political stability and its own regulating function, which made Paris return to the road of development. This paper takes the life of the people of various social strata in Paris from the late Middle Ages to the 13-15 century as the research object, and tries to analyze the different living conditions of the upper class, the ordinary citizen and the marginal group in Paris. It shows the problems encountered in the development of Paris during this period, social contradictions and the social features of Paris, and then understands the social and economic development situation and trend of Paris and even France in this period. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, "Overview of Paris City in the late Middle Ages", summarizes the development of Paris residents from the beginning to the end of the 15th century, focusing on the origin of the city and the economic and social development of Paris in the 13-15 century. This was the basic background and environment of the life of all social classes in Paris at that time. Paris was a consumptive city in the late Middle Ages. Its handicraft products mainly met the demand of the city and continued to develop after urbanization in the 13th century. The second chapter, "the living conditions of the upper class of Paris in the late Middle Ages", mainly discusses the living conditions of the upper class of Paris citizens from four aspects: political life, economic life, family life and religious life. This paper focuses on the clothing, food, living, entertainment and other aspects of the family life of the upper class of Paris, as well as the charity relief to the lower class for religious belief. Despite their economic achievements, upper-class citizens are politically unstable, in the shadows and in crisis. The third chapter, "the living conditions of ordinary citizens and marginalized groups in Paris in the late Middle Ages", focuses on the economic life of ordinary citizens and the living conditions of different marginalized groups, including thieves, beggars, prostitutes and so on. Neither the general nor marginalized groups in Paris had political status and poor economic conditions. The marginalized groups are full of hatred and hostility towards Paris society, whereas the upper class also hold a loathing attitude towards these social marginalized groups. Ordinary citizens are likely to fall into marginalized groups after being hit by accidents, but they are less likely to move upward. They are not satisfied with their living conditions and fear the bad luck that may come at any time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K565
本文編號：2273992
[Abstract]:Paris was the largest city on the continent in the 13-15 th century, with a population of more than 200000 at the end of the 15 th century. Since the end of the 12th century, when Philip Augustus ordered the construction of the city wall, Paris has been on the path of rapid development. From the 13th century to the first half of the 14th century, the city of Paris rose, during which the process of urbanization was completed. Taking the Black death as the dividing point, Paris, after experiencing the baptism of war and epidemic disease, had the political stability and its own regulating function, which made Paris return to the road of development. This paper takes the life of the people of various social strata in Paris from the late Middle Ages to the 13-15 century as the research object, and tries to analyze the different living conditions of the upper class, the ordinary citizen and the marginal group in Paris. It shows the problems encountered in the development of Paris during this period, social contradictions and the social features of Paris, and then understands the social and economic development situation and trend of Paris and even France in this period. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, "Overview of Paris City in the late Middle Ages", summarizes the development of Paris residents from the beginning to the end of the 15th century, focusing on the origin of the city and the economic and social development of Paris in the 13-15 century. This was the basic background and environment of the life of all social classes in Paris at that time. Paris was a consumptive city in the late Middle Ages. Its handicraft products mainly met the demand of the city and continued to develop after urbanization in the 13th century. The second chapter, "the living conditions of the upper class of Paris in the late Middle Ages", mainly discusses the living conditions of the upper class of Paris citizens from four aspects: political life, economic life, family life and religious life. This paper focuses on the clothing, food, living, entertainment and other aspects of the family life of the upper class of Paris, as well as the charity relief to the lower class for religious belief. Despite their economic achievements, upper-class citizens are politically unstable, in the shadows and in crisis. The third chapter, "the living conditions of ordinary citizens and marginalized groups in Paris in the late Middle Ages", focuses on the economic life of ordinary citizens and the living conditions of different marginalized groups, including thieves, beggars, prostitutes and so on. Neither the general nor marginalized groups in Paris had political status and poor economic conditions. The marginalized groups are full of hatred and hostility towards Paris society, whereas the upper class also hold a loathing attitude towards these social marginalized groups. Ordinary citizens are likely to fall into marginalized groups after being hit by accidents, but they are less likely to move upward. They are not satisfied with their living conditions and fear the bad luck that may come at any time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K565
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 鄒耀勇;古代巴黎城市發(fā)展略論[J];歷史教學(xué)問題;2005年02期
2 秦曉紅;;妓女的身體,他們的權(quán)力——試論14-17世紀(jì)西歐社會(huì)妓女現(xiàn)象的合理化[J];湖南科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2006年04期
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