20世紀(jì)菲華女性家庭和社會(huì)角色變遷的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-11 08:19
【摘要】：在海外華僑華人研究中,女性研究較為薄弱,迄今為止,有關(guān)菲律賓華僑華人女性的研究還非常少,筆者希望就此課題展開(kāi)嘗試。根據(jù)2013及2014年兩次暑期赴菲調(diào)研所獲文獻(xiàn)及訪談資料,本文分三個(gè)時(shí)期對(duì)菲華女性家庭與社會(huì)角色的變遷進(jìn)行了梳理。一、20世紀(jì)初至40年代中期:20世紀(jì)前,赴菲女性人數(shù)極少。1898年美國(guó)統(tǒng)治開(kāi)始后,將排華法案引入菲律賓,此間僅有少數(shù)女性能以家眷身份入境,其活動(dòng)主要局限在家庭。30年代后國(guó)內(nèi)動(dòng)蕩的局勢(shì)促使成規(guī)模的女性以難民身份赴菲,這既壯大了菲華女性的力量,也減少了以往由于性別比率懸殊而造成的族際通婚現(xiàn)象,中國(guó)式家庭成為主流。同時(shí),在抗戰(zhàn)背景下,部分女性走出家門(mén)參與到支援祖國(guó)抗戰(zhàn)的社會(huì)活動(dòng)中,推動(dòng)了菲華女性角色的社會(huì)化。二、20世紀(jì)40年代中后期至1975年中菲建交:戰(zhàn)后,受中菲關(guān)系變化及菲律賓經(jīng)濟(jì)民族化即“菲化”政策影響,菲華社會(huì)開(kāi)始了當(dāng)?shù)鼗l(fā)展。在當(dāng)?shù)鼗^(guò)程中,華人傳統(tǒng)觀念受到菲律賓主流社會(huì)思想的影響,由保守走向開(kāi)明;與此同時(shí),菲化壓力下華僑經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型開(kāi)始多元化發(fā)展,并重獲生機(jī)。在這一時(shí)期,華社觀念的改變及經(jīng)濟(jì)的成長(zhǎng)為女性的自我發(fā)展提供了條件與空間,菲華女性獲得了更多的教育和入職的機(jī)會(huì),促使其家庭和社會(huì)角色發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。但作為一個(gè)過(guò)渡時(shí)期,這期間菲華社會(huì)仍保留著較強(qiáng)的中華傳統(tǒng)文化的影響,因而,受傳統(tǒng)觀念影響,女性的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)及活動(dòng)空間仍以家庭為主,職業(yè)女性仍屬少數(shù)。三、1975年中菲建交至世紀(jì)之交:1975年中菲建交,華僑成批大量入籍,菲華社會(huì)由“華僑社會(huì)”過(guò)渡為“華人社會(huì)”,民族融合也進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)。在這一時(shí)期,社會(huì)進(jìn)步賦予華人女性更多受教育和入職的機(jī)會(huì),女性受教育水平明顯提高,職業(yè)女性逐漸普遍化。此外,伴隨著社會(huì)觀念的改變和菲律賓文化的影響,菲華女性在家庭中的地位得到了提高,在婚姻自主、財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承和家庭決策等方面有了很大的進(jìn)步,受此影響,有更多華人女性走出“家庭”,不僅在菲華社會(huì)活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮才能,還開(kāi)始在菲律賓主流政治中嶄露頭角。在新的時(shí)代背景下,菲華女性進(jìn)行了自我家庭角色和社會(huì)角色的重新修正和定位�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō),20世紀(jì)以來(lái)菲華女性家庭和社會(huì)角色是從傳統(tǒng)走向現(xiàn)代,其現(xiàn)代女性角色的構(gòu)建過(guò)程可簡(jiǎn)單歸結(jié)為:萌發(fā)期相夫教子的家庭婦女、建構(gòu)期家庭與事業(yè)間徘徊兩難的女性、發(fā)展期力求家庭和事業(yè)同兼顧的現(xiàn)代女性。
[Abstract]:In the study of overseas Chinese and Chinese, the female study is relatively weak, so far, the research on the Filipino overseas Chinese women is still very few, the author hopes to try this topic. According to the literature and interview materials obtained from the two summer visits to the Philippines in 2013 and 2014, this paper sorts out the changes of the family and social roles of women in the Philippines and China in three periods. First, from the beginning of the 20th century to the mid-1940s: before the 20th century, the number of women visiting the Philippines was very low. After the beginning of American rule in 1898, the Chinese exclusion Act was introduced into the Philippines, and only a few women were able to enter the country as family members. Its activities are mainly confined to families. After the 1930s, the turbulent situation in the country prompted women on a large scale to go to the Philippines as refugees, which not only strengthened the strength of Filipino women, but also reduced the intermarriage phenomenon caused by the gender disparity in the past. Chinese family becomes the mainstream. At the same time, under the background of the War of Resistance against Japan, some women go out of their homes to participate in the social activities in support of the War of Resistance against Japan, which promotes the socialization of the female roles in the Philippines and China. Second, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines from the middle and late 1940s to 1975: after the war, influenced by the changes in Sino-Philippine relations and the nationalization of the Philippine economy, the Philippine and Chinese society began to develop locally. In the process of localization, the traditional Chinese concept was influenced by the mainstream social thought of the Philippines, and changed from conservative to enlightened. At the same time, under the pressure of Filipinization, the economic transformation of overseas Chinese began to diversify and gained vitality. During this period, the change of Chinese society concept and the growth of economy provided the condition and space for women's self-development, and the Filipino women got more opportunities of education and employment, which promoted the change of their family and social roles. However, as a transitional period, the Filipino Chinese society still retains a strong influence of traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, under the influence of traditional concepts, women's focus and activity space are still mainly family, and professional women are still a minority. Third, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines in 1975 to the turn of the century: with the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines in 1975, a large number of overseas Chinese were naturalized, and the Filipino Chinese society was transformed from an "overseas Chinese society" to a "Chinese society", and ethnic integration was further promoted. During this period, social progress gave Chinese women more opportunities to receive education and employment. In addition, with the change of social attitudes and the influence of Filipino culture, the status of Filipino women in the family has been improved, and great progress has been made in the areas of marriage autonomy, property inheritance and family decision-making. More Chinese women are out of the family, not only in Philippine and Chinese social activities, but also in mainstream Philippine politics. Against the background of the new era, Filipino women have redefined their own family role and social role. In general, the family and social roles of Filipino women in China since the 20th century have changed from tradition to modernity, and the construction process of their modern female roles can be summed up as follows: the housewives who met their husbands and taught their children during the germination period. During the construction period, the dilemma between family and career lingers. In the development period, the modern women strive for both family and career.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D634.3;K341
本文編號(hào)：2263489
[Abstract]:In the study of overseas Chinese and Chinese, the female study is relatively weak, so far, the research on the Filipino overseas Chinese women is still very few, the author hopes to try this topic. According to the literature and interview materials obtained from the two summer visits to the Philippines in 2013 and 2014, this paper sorts out the changes of the family and social roles of women in the Philippines and China in three periods. First, from the beginning of the 20th century to the mid-1940s: before the 20th century, the number of women visiting the Philippines was very low. After the beginning of American rule in 1898, the Chinese exclusion Act was introduced into the Philippines, and only a few women were able to enter the country as family members. Its activities are mainly confined to families. After the 1930s, the turbulent situation in the country prompted women on a large scale to go to the Philippines as refugees, which not only strengthened the strength of Filipino women, but also reduced the intermarriage phenomenon caused by the gender disparity in the past. Chinese family becomes the mainstream. At the same time, under the background of the War of Resistance against Japan, some women go out of their homes to participate in the social activities in support of the War of Resistance against Japan, which promotes the socialization of the female roles in the Philippines and China. Second, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines from the middle and late 1940s to 1975: after the war, influenced by the changes in Sino-Philippine relations and the nationalization of the Philippine economy, the Philippine and Chinese society began to develop locally. In the process of localization, the traditional Chinese concept was influenced by the mainstream social thought of the Philippines, and changed from conservative to enlightened. At the same time, under the pressure of Filipinization, the economic transformation of overseas Chinese began to diversify and gained vitality. During this period, the change of Chinese society concept and the growth of economy provided the condition and space for women's self-development, and the Filipino women got more opportunities of education and employment, which promoted the change of their family and social roles. However, as a transitional period, the Filipino Chinese society still retains a strong influence of traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, under the influence of traditional concepts, women's focus and activity space are still mainly family, and professional women are still a minority. Third, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines in 1975 to the turn of the century: with the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines in 1975, a large number of overseas Chinese were naturalized, and the Filipino Chinese society was transformed from an "overseas Chinese society" to a "Chinese society", and ethnic integration was further promoted. During this period, social progress gave Chinese women more opportunities to receive education and employment. In addition, with the change of social attitudes and the influence of Filipino culture, the status of Filipino women in the family has been improved, and great progress has been made in the areas of marriage autonomy, property inheritance and family decision-making. More Chinese women are out of the family, not only in Philippine and Chinese social activities, but also in mainstream Philippine politics. Against the background of the new era, Filipino women have redefined their own family role and social role. In general, the family and social roles of Filipino women in China since the 20th century have changed from tradition to modernity, and the construction process of their modern female roles can be summed up as follows: the housewives who met their husbands and taught their children during the germination period. During the construction period, the dilemma between family and career lingers. In the development period, the modern women strive for both family and career.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D634.3;K341
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