【摘要】：20世紀(jì)60年代,印度遭遇嚴(yán)重的糧食危機(jī),找尋到糧食迅速增產(chǎn)的方法迫在眉睫。此時,國際社會對小麥、水稻等主要糧食品種基因改造及其實(shí)現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵投入的研究已取得重大突破。墨西哥及部分東南亞國家率先將此研究進(jìn)行實(shí)踐并大幅提高糧食產(chǎn)量,國際社會稱此為“綠色革命”。1966年,印度英吉拉·甘地政府綜合多方考慮最終決定采用此農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展新戰(zhàn)略,挑選旁遮普邦等農(nóng)業(yè)條件突出的區(qū)域進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)推行。旁遮普邦在扎實(shí)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)構(gòu)建完善的農(nóng)業(yè)投入體系,利用高產(chǎn)品種創(chuàng)造了糧食增長與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的“奇跡”并成為印度其他邦的重要示范。同時,旁遮普邦“綠色革命”對當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)、社會、生態(tài)等領(lǐng)域俱產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。本文通過集中研究印度“綠色革命”最為成功的地區(qū)---旁遮普邦,闡述其過程、成就及其影響,分析經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),最終為世界其他國家和地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展提供借鑒。全文由前言、正文、結(jié)語三部分構(gòu)成,正文部分共分為四個部分。前言部分主要包括選題緣由及意義、學(xué)術(shù)史回顧、概念及時段界定、理論依據(jù)與方法、研究思路、論文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)及不足之處。第一部分回顧旁遮普邦“綠色革命”的國際、國內(nèi)背景及其農(nóng)業(yè)條件。該部分考察了“綠色革命”由來及印度政府為何堅(jiān)決采用此農(nóng)業(yè)新戰(zhàn)略,并闡述旁遮普邦被選擇為實(shí)施區(qū)域的主要原因。第二部分重點(diǎn)論述旁遮普邦“綠色革命”的表現(xiàn)、階段及特征。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析旁遮普邦“綠色革命”發(fā)展的有利因素,揭示其成功的原因。第三部分主要分析旁遮普邦“綠色革命”對農(nóng)業(yè)以外領(lǐng)域的深遠(yuǎn)影響,包括積極和消極影響。同時,對旁遮普邦“綠色革命”是否成功做出評判。最后,針對當(dāng)前旁遮普邦農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀提出合理的前景分析。第四部分根據(jù)旁遮普邦“綠色革命”的成就及其問題提煉經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),為世界其他國家和地區(qū),尤其是發(fā)展中國家提供鏡鑒。結(jié)語部分在總結(jié)全文的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合實(shí)際情況將旁遮普邦“綠色革命”與第二次“綠色革命”進(jìn)行對接,指出旁遮普邦“綠色革命”仍舊存在較大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:In the 1960 s, India suffered a serious food crisis, and it was urgent to find ways to increase grain production rapidly. At this time, the international community has made a great breakthrough in the research of genetic transformation of wheat, rice and other major grain varieties and the key inputs to achieve high yield. Mexico and some Southeast Asian countries took the lead in putting the study into practice and dramatically increasing food production, which the international community calls the "Green Revolution." in 1966, India's Indira Gandhi government has finally decided to adopt this new agricultural development strategy and select areas such as Punjab for priority implementation. On the basis of solid agriculture, Punjab has continued to construct a perfect agricultural input system, and has created a "miracle" of grain growth and agricultural development by using high-yield seeds and has become an important demonstration of other Indian states. At the same time, the Punjab Green Revolution has a profound impact on the local economy, society, ecology and other fields. This paper focuses on Punjab, the most successful region of the "Green Revolution" in India, expounds its process, achievements and influences, analyzes the experiences and lessons, and finally provides reference for the agricultural development of other countries and regions in the world. The full text consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion, and the text is divided into four parts. The preface mainly includes the reason and significance of selecting the topic, the review of academic history, the definition of concept and period, the theoretical basis and method, the research idea, the innovation of the thesis and the deficiency. The first part reviews the international, domestic background and agricultural conditions of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab. This section examines the origin of the "Green Revolution" and why the Indian government is determined to adopt this new agricultural strategy, and explains the main reasons why Punjab was chosen as the implementing region. The second part focuses on the performance, stage and characteristics of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab. On this basis, this paper analyzes the favorable factors for the development of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab and reveals the reasons for its success. The third part mainly analyzes the profound influence of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab on the fields beyond agriculture, including positive and negative effects. At the same time, the Punjab's "Green Revolution" is judged to be successful. Finally, according to the current situation of Punjab agricultural development, a reasonable prospect analysis is put forward. The fourth part, according to the achievements and problems of the "Green Revolution" in Punjab, provides lessons for other countries and regions in the world, especially for the developing countries. In the conclusion part, on the basis of summarizing the full text, connecting the "Green Revolution" of Punjab with the second "Green Revolution", the author points out that the "Green Revolution" of Punjab is still of great practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K351.5

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