【摘要】：在白人到來前相當(dāng)長的時(shí)期內(nèi),印第安人社會(huì)疾病較少,印第安人身體相對健康。但是隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展和居住模式從游牧到定居的轉(zhuǎn)變,土著社會(huì)中各種疾病開始增多,印第安人健康狀況逐漸惡化。至哥倫布到來前夕,印第安人社會(huì)已經(jīng)充斥著各種疾病,并非是很多學(xué)者所說的毫無疾病的"伊甸園"。白人到來前北美印第安人社會(huì)的疾病生態(tài)對白人到來之后的外來傳染病入侵美洲具有重要的意義。印第安人已有的疾病削弱了土著民族的健康狀況,導(dǎo)致外來傳染病會(huì)產(chǎn)生更高的發(fā)病率和死亡率,大大加劇了該群體的疾病負(fù)荷。這一時(shí)期土著民族的疾病生態(tài)成為白人到來后外來傳染病入侵、印第安人人口大量死亡、土著社會(huì)遭受嚴(yán)重打擊的重要因素之一。
[Abstract]:During a long period before the arrival of whites, Indian society suffered fewer diseases and Indians were relatively healthy. However, with the development of agriculture and the change of living pattern from nomadic to settled, various diseases in indigenous society began to increase, and the health status of Indians gradually deteriorated. By the eve of Columbus, Indian society had been flooded with diseases, not the disease-free Garden of Eden, as many scholars call it. Before the arrival of white people, the disease ecology of North American Indian society was of great significance to the invasion of America by foreign infectious diseases after the arrival of white people. Existing Indian diseases have weakened the health status of indigenous peoples, led to higher morbidity and mortality from exotic infectious diseases, and contributed significantly to the disease burden of this group. During this period, the disease ecology of the indigenous peoples became one of the important factors which caused the invasion of foreign infectious diseases after the arrival of white people, the death of a large number of Indians, and the severe attack on the indigenous society.
【作者單位】： 南開大學(xué)世界近現(xiàn)代史研究中心;
【基金】：國家社科基金項(xiàng)目“傳染性疾病與美國早期社會(huì)研究”(14BSS016) 教育部重點(diǎn)研究基地重大項(xiàng)目“美國歷史上的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型研究”(16JJD770027)的階段性成果
【分類號】：K712
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本文編號：2248781