【摘要】：教皇國是羅馬教皇進(jìn)行世俗統(tǒng)治的領(lǐng)地。教皇國于8世紀(jì)建立,到1870年意大利完成了民族國家的統(tǒng)一,教皇對(duì)教皇國的世俗統(tǒng)治權(quán)力被剝奪,僅留有梵蒂岡成為教皇的精神領(lǐng)地。擁有上千年歷史的教皇國,在教會(huì)史上也有重要地位。本文旨在探討12-13世紀(jì)教皇國疆域變化以及教皇如何對(duì)教皇國進(jìn)行管理。通過對(duì)教皇國疆域的歷史變化及教皇國管理情況的研究,來探索教皇國對(duì)于教皇重要意義。 本文共分為三章。第一章具體介紹教皇國的起源。羅馬教皇的世俗統(tǒng)治權(quán)并不是一蹴而就的,而是教皇制在建立于發(fā)展過程逐漸獲得的。教皇格雷戈里一世對(duì)分布廣泛的“圣彼得祖業(yè)”精心管理為教皇國的建立奠定了經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。八世紀(jì)在“丕平獻(xiàn)土”的基礎(chǔ)上建立了教皇國。 第二章主要討論12-13世紀(jì)教權(quán)與世俗君權(quán)斗爭過程中教皇在教皇國的世俗統(tǒng)治范圍的變化。12-13世紀(jì)是教皇權(quán)力上升的重要時(shí)期,隨著教皇權(quán)力走向頂峰,同時(shí)教皇也渴望在更大的范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)世俗統(tǒng)治。13世紀(jì)在教皇英諾森三世位期間,教皇國的疆域基本確定,教皇建立了對(duì)意大利中部地區(qū)的世俗統(tǒng)治。 第三章主要研究12-13世紀(jì)教皇對(duì)教皇國的統(tǒng)治政策及教皇國的管理情況。教皇將教皇國劃分為教省,并設(shè)置官員作為教皇的代理人進(jìn)行世俗統(tǒng)治。大量官員薪酬支出以及昂貴的軍費(fèi)支持構(gòu)成了教皇國管理成本的主體部分,教皇為了維護(hù)他對(duì)教皇國的世俗統(tǒng)治,不惜花費(fèi)高額的管理成本。
[Abstract]:The papal state is the land of the pope for secular rule. The papal state was founded in the eighth century, and by 1870 Italy completed the unification of the nation-state. The pope was deprived of his secular power over the papal state, leaving only the Vatican as the spiritual domain of the pope. The papal state, which has a history of thousands of years, also plays an important role in the history of the church. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changes of papal states in the 12-13 th century and how the pope manages the papal states. This paper explores the significance of papal state to the pope through the study of the historical changes of the papal state and the management of the papal state. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin of the papacy. The pope's secular dominion was not achieved overnight, but gradually gained in the process of development. Pope Gregory I's careful management of the widely distributed St. Peter's Zodiac laid the foundation for the establishment of the papal state. In the eighth century, the papal state was founded on the basis of Piping. The second chapter mainly discusses the change of the scope of the Pope's secular rule in the papal country during the struggle between the religious power and the secular monarchy in the 12-13 century. The rise of papal power is an important period in the 12-13 century. The Pope also longed to achieve secular rule on a larger scale. During Pope Innocenti III in the 13th century, the pope's borders were largely determined, and the Pope established secular rule over central Italy. The third chapter mainly studies the papal governance policy and the papal state management in the 12-13 th century. The pope divided the pope into provinces and set officials as his proxy for secular rule. Large official salaries and expensive military support form the bulk of the papal state's administrative costs, which the pope spends heavily to preserve his secular rule over the papal state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K132

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本文編號(hào)：2240896