1945-1975年美泰同盟研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 20:30
【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,美蘇由戰(zhàn)時的盟友走向了敵對關(guān)系,國際格局進入以美蘇對峙為主的兩極格局時代,冷戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)。面對新的國際環(huán)境,美國一改以往和平時期不締結(jié)軍事同盟的做法,積極推行同盟戰(zhàn)略,對蘇聯(lián)及其共產(chǎn)主義勢力采取遏制政策。憑借著特殊的地緣政治優(yōu)勢以及靈活的外交手段,泰國成為美國在東南亞地區(qū)的“反共堡壘”。1945-1975年這一歷史時期對于美泰同盟的形成與發(fā)展尤為關(guān)鍵,因此,本文主要從泰國的視角對1945-1975年以來的美泰關(guān)系進行分期,即接近時期、形成時期、追隨時期、尋求自主時期,以美泰關(guān)系發(fā)展中的重大歷史事件為切入點,并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析兩國間的互動,展現(xiàn)每一時期美泰關(guān)系發(fā)展的面貌,從而揭示出美泰關(guān)系發(fā)展變化的特點。第一部分主要分析了二戰(zhàn)后美泰的接近過程。二戰(zhàn)后,為何泰國舍棄其他西方大國而唯獨選取美國作為其保護國,而美國為何在東南亞眾多國家中選擇泰國結(jié)為同盟。早期美泰交往中,傳教士、美國顧問等為泰國的社會發(fā)展做出貢獻;二戰(zhàn)期間,美國并未接受泰國的宣戰(zhàn)并支持泰國的“自由泰”運動,這都奠定了美泰友好的歷史基礎(chǔ)。二戰(zhàn)后,一方面,泰國面臨著英法等國的清算,需要尋求美國的支持,而美國在二戰(zhàn)后泰國恢復(fù)主權(quán)與獨立的過程中給予了其重大的支持與幫助,打下了兩國友好的基礎(chǔ);另一方面泰國國內(nèi)政治動蕩,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人急需通過尋求援助來獲取穩(wěn)定政權(quán)的政治資源,而面對不安分的東南亞形勢,美國也認識到一個穩(wěn)定的泰國的重要性,特別是泰國披汶政權(quán)對美國軍事援助的渴望使泰國進一步走向美國。第二部分主要論述了美泰同盟的形成過程。對美國軍事援助的渴望促使披汶的反共態(tài)度日益堅定,并在保大政權(quán)、朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭問題上極力展示其反共決心,泰國至此確立一邊倒的親美外交,走向西方陣營。作為回報,美國也隨之開始對泰國進行軍事和經(jīng)濟援助。隨著法國在印支局勢的惡化,泰國又積極配合美國的印支行動,美國逐漸認識到泰國在遏制東南亞地區(qū)共產(chǎn)主義的重要性,1954年美泰結(jié)成正式的盟友關(guān)系。第三部分主要闡述了泰國對美國行動的追隨。美泰同盟建立后,泰國的軍人政府繼續(xù)維持親美的外交政策,美泰合作達到頂峰。老撾危機期間泰國對東南亞條約組織表現(xiàn)出失望,為使泰國重獲安全信心,美國再一次申明對泰國的安全保證和義務(wù)。美國侵越戰(zhàn)爭期間,泰國全力支持美國,提供軍事基地并且派兵出戰(zhàn),成為美國的得力助手。第四部分主要探討了尼克松主義出臺后至“馬克亞斯號”事件期間的美泰同盟。隨著西歐、日本經(jīng)濟的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展,以美蘇為首的兩極格局開始向多極化發(fā)展。面對國際局勢的變化,美國開始對其全球戰(zhàn)略進行調(diào)整,尼克松主義的出臺標志著美國全球戰(zhàn)略的收縮。泰國外交也出現(xiàn)新方向,即獨立自主外交,主要表現(xiàn)為與中國于1975年建交,改善與越南、老撾等鄰國的關(guān)系等。“馬亞克斯號”事件中美軍利用越戰(zhàn)期間形成的與泰國軍方的特殊關(guān)系,無視泰國政府的立場,未經(jīng)泰國政府允許使用該基地,使美泰關(guān)系陷入低谷。1976年美軍完全撤出泰國。泰國開始依靠東南亞國家聯(lián)盟來尋求安全保障,美泰同盟在安全問題上采取有限合作新形式。最后扼要分析了美泰關(guān)系一直以來發(fā)展良好的原因以及泰國作為小國外交的成功典范。在美泰交往的這三十年中,泰國始終以國家利益為基準,利用大國之間的博弈使得本國利益最大化,充分體現(xiàn)了小國外交的靈活、務(wù)實。美泰關(guān)系的變化也伴隨著美國全球戰(zhàn)略布局的變化而變化,這一時期的美泰同盟也帶有強烈的冷戰(zhàn)色彩。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from their wartime allies to hostile relations, and the international situation entered an era of bipolar pattern dominated by the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Faced with the new international environment, the United States changed its previous practice of not forming military alliances in peacetime, actively pursued the alliance strategy, and adopted containment politics against the Soviet Union and its Communist forces. With special geopolitical advantages and flexible diplomatic means, Thailand has become the "anti-communist fortress" of the United States in Southeast Asia. The historical period of 1945-1975 is particularly critical to the formation and development of the US-Thai alliance. Therefore, this paper mainly stages the US-Thai relations since 1945-1975 from the perspective of Thailand. In the recent period, the formation period, the following period, the search for autonomy period, with the major historical events in the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand as the breakthrough point, and on this basis to analyze the interaction between the two countries, showing the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand in each period, thus revealing the characteristics of the development and change of the relationship between the United States and Thailand. Why did Thailand choose the United States as its protectorate instead of other Western powers after World War II and why did the United States choose Thailand as an alliance among many countries in Southeast Asia? After World War II, Thailand faced the settlement of Britain, France and other countries, and needed to seek the support of the United States. The United States gave Thailand great support and help in the process of restoring its sovereignty and independence after World War II, which laid the foundation for the friendship between the two countries. In the face of domestic political turmoil in Thailand, leaders urgently need to seek assistance to obtain political resources to stabilize the regime. In the face of the insecure situation in Southeast Asia, the United States also recognizes the importance of a stable Thailand, especially the desire of the Thai regime to provide military assistance to the United States, which leads Thailand to the United States. The desire for U.S. military aid has led to a growing anti-Communist attitude in Penn and a strong demonstration of its anti-Communist determination on the issue of preserving the regime and the Korean War. With the deterioration of France's situation in Indo-China and Thailand's active cooperation with the United States in its Indo-China operations, the United States gradually realized the importance of Thailand in curbing communism in Southeast Asia and formed a formal alliance between the United States and Thailand in 1954. The third part mainly expounds Thailand's follow-up to the United States'action. Thailand's disappointment with the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization during the Laos crisis and its renewed security assurances and obligations to Thailand were affirmed by the United States. During the American invasion of Vietnam, Thailand fully supported the United States, provided military bases and sent troops to war. The fourth part mainly discusses the US-Thai alliance from the Nixon Doctrine to the Max-Yas Incident. With the recovery and development of Western Europe and Japan's economy, the bipolar pattern led by the US and the Soviet Union began to develop towards multi-polarization. In the face of the changes in the international situation, the United States began to adjust its global strategy. The introduction of Nixonism marked the contraction of the U.S. global strategy. In 1976, the U.S. military completely withdrew from Thailand. Thailand began to rely on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to seek security. The U.S. -Thai alliance took a new form of limited cooperation on security issues. Finally, a brief analysis of the development of U.S. -Thai relations has been made. Thai diplomacy has been a successful example of small countries. Throughout the past 30 years, Thailand has always been benchmarking its national interests and making use of the game between big powers to maximize its own interests, which fully reflects the flexibility and pragmatism of small countries'diplomacy. The changes in US-Thai relations have also been accompanied by changes in the global strategic layout of the United States. The MATTEL alliance in this period also had a strong cold war color.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K153
本文編號：2240142
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from their wartime allies to hostile relations, and the international situation entered an era of bipolar pattern dominated by the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Faced with the new international environment, the United States changed its previous practice of not forming military alliances in peacetime, actively pursued the alliance strategy, and adopted containment politics against the Soviet Union and its Communist forces. With special geopolitical advantages and flexible diplomatic means, Thailand has become the "anti-communist fortress" of the United States in Southeast Asia. The historical period of 1945-1975 is particularly critical to the formation and development of the US-Thai alliance. Therefore, this paper mainly stages the US-Thai relations since 1945-1975 from the perspective of Thailand. In the recent period, the formation period, the following period, the search for autonomy period, with the major historical events in the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand as the breakthrough point, and on this basis to analyze the interaction between the two countries, showing the development of the relationship between the United States and Thailand in each period, thus revealing the characteristics of the development and change of the relationship between the United States and Thailand. Why did Thailand choose the United States as its protectorate instead of other Western powers after World War II and why did the United States choose Thailand as an alliance among many countries in Southeast Asia? After World War II, Thailand faced the settlement of Britain, France and other countries, and needed to seek the support of the United States. The United States gave Thailand great support and help in the process of restoring its sovereignty and independence after World War II, which laid the foundation for the friendship between the two countries. In the face of domestic political turmoil in Thailand, leaders urgently need to seek assistance to obtain political resources to stabilize the regime. In the face of the insecure situation in Southeast Asia, the United States also recognizes the importance of a stable Thailand, especially the desire of the Thai regime to provide military assistance to the United States, which leads Thailand to the United States. The desire for U.S. military aid has led to a growing anti-Communist attitude in Penn and a strong demonstration of its anti-Communist determination on the issue of preserving the regime and the Korean War. With the deterioration of France's situation in Indo-China and Thailand's active cooperation with the United States in its Indo-China operations, the United States gradually realized the importance of Thailand in curbing communism in Southeast Asia and formed a formal alliance between the United States and Thailand in 1954. The third part mainly expounds Thailand's follow-up to the United States'action. Thailand's disappointment with the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization during the Laos crisis and its renewed security assurances and obligations to Thailand were affirmed by the United States. During the American invasion of Vietnam, Thailand fully supported the United States, provided military bases and sent troops to war. The fourth part mainly discusses the US-Thai alliance from the Nixon Doctrine to the Max-Yas Incident. With the recovery and development of Western Europe and Japan's economy, the bipolar pattern led by the US and the Soviet Union began to develop towards multi-polarization. In the face of the changes in the international situation, the United States began to adjust its global strategy. The introduction of Nixonism marked the contraction of the U.S. global strategy. In 1976, the U.S. military completely withdrew from Thailand. Thailand began to rely on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to seek security. The U.S. -Thai alliance took a new form of limited cooperation on security issues. Finally, a brief analysis of the development of U.S. -Thai relations has been made. Thai diplomacy has been a successful example of small countries. Throughout the past 30 years, Thailand has always been benchmarking its national interests and making use of the game between big powers to maximize its own interests, which fully reflects the flexibility and pragmatism of small countries'diplomacy. The changes in US-Thai relations have also been accompanied by changes in the global strategic layout of the United States. The MATTEL alliance in this period also had a strong cold war color.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K153
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