【摘要】：族群認(rèn)同和文化認(rèn)同問(wèn)題成為近些年學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn),族群意識(shí)對(duì)古代社會(huì)的政治、文化、民族關(guān)系都產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。因而希臘人與蠻族人之間的關(guān)系也成為關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。 與我們古代的夷狄之說(shuō)相類(lèi)似,作為西方文明的發(fā)源地古代希臘,也存在蠻族人之說(shuō),古希臘人對(duì)蠻族人的稱(chēng)呼“barbaroi”最初偶然用于嘲笑外族語(yǔ)言的詞語(yǔ)。隨著歷史的變遷,希臘民族意識(shí)、民族優(yōu)越感逐漸強(qiáng)烈,“barbaroi”演變成一個(gè)同“希臘人”相對(duì)立的概念,構(gòu)成對(duì)一切非希臘人的蔑稱(chēng),而“barbaroi”缺乏理性、缺乏政治自由、野蠻兇殘、且天生具有奴性。 荷馬時(shí)代希臘人與非希臘人之間沒(méi)有明顯區(qū)別。公元前5世紀(jì)初期,特別是希波戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后,通過(guò)蠻族人形象的建構(gòu)和刻畫(huà),希臘人形成了自己的族群與文化認(rèn)同。希臘人與蠻族人兩分的對(duì)立觀念也得以確立。伯羅奔尼撒戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后,希臘民族危機(jī)加劇,東征波斯的論調(diào)流行,希臘人蔑視蠻族人的傾向達(dá)到歷史最高峰。但是隨著亞歷山大東征,希臘古典文化的傳播,人人皆平等的世界大同思想取代了希臘人與蠻族人之間的敵對(duì)意識(shí),開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向合作。 筆者試從“barbaroi”的詞源學(xué)角度分析這一詞的詞義,并從不同歷史時(shí)期古典著作家的著作入手,著力分析對(duì)待蠻族人態(tài)度的變化。需要指出的是,鑒于筆者對(duì)于相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料收集和整理上的欠缺、可資利用的材料有限以及本人希臘語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)言水平的有限,本文的寫(xiě)作上尚有諸多不足之處,有待不斷完善。
[Abstract]:Ethnic identity and cultural identity have become the focus of academic attention in recent years, ethnic consciousness has an important impact on the politics, culture and ethnic relations in ancient society. Therefore, the relationship between Greeks and barbarians also became the focus of attention. As the birthplace of Western civilization, ancient Greece also had barbarian people's view. The ancient Greeks used the term "barbaroi" to ridicule foreign languages by chance. With the change of history, Greek national consciousness and ethnocentrism gradually became stronger. "barbaroi" developed into a concept opposed to "Greek", forming a disparaging term for all non-Greeks, while "barbaroi" lacked rationality and political freedom. Savage and ferocious, and natural servility. There was no obvious difference between Greek and non-Greek in Homer time. In the early 5th century BC, especially after the Hebo War, the Greeks formed their ethnic and cultural identity through the construction and portrayal of the images of the barbarians. The opposite idea of the Greeks and the barbarians was also established. After the Peloponnesian War, the Greek national crisis intensified, the Eastern invasion of Persia popular, the Greek tendency to despise the barbarians reached a historical peak. However, with the spread of classical Greek culture and Alexander's eastward expedition, the idea of universal homogeneity replaced the hostility between the Greeks and the barbarians and began to cooperate. The author tries to analyze the etymological meaning of "barbaroi" from the perspective of etymology, and analyzes the change of attitude towards barbarians from the works of classical writers in different historical periods. It should be pointed out that, in view of the lack of the collection and collation of relevant literature, the limited materials available and the limited proficiency of my Greek and French languages, there are still many deficiencies in the writing of this thesis. It has yet to be perfected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K125

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本文編號(hào)：2234399